Skip to main content

Ecological, Morphological, and Behavioral Convergence in Rock-Dwelling Mammals

  • Chapter
Current Mammalogy

Abstract

Much recent research has attempted to document and clarify the process of convergent evolution at various levels of biological organization. Studies have ranged from detailed examples of convergence at the species level (for example, Pianka and Pianka, 1970), through examples of similar evolutionary pathways having been taken by extensive subsets of communities developing within similar macrohabitats (for example, Mares, 1976, 1980, 1983), to an assessment of generally similar patterns of development of entire disjunct ecosystems sharing numerous abiotic parameters (for example, Orians and Solbrig, 1977). There has been some controversy regarding the level of ecological similarity that has developed within unrelated faunas (for example, Schall and Pianka, 1978), and whether or not convergence actually occurs among a broad array of species evolving within apparently similar micro- and macro-habitats in response to what would presumably be broadly similar selective regimes.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this chapter

Chapter
USD 29.95
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
eBook
USD 169.00
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
Softcover Book
USD 219.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Compact, lightweight edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info
Hardcover Book
USD 219.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Durable hardcover edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Institutional subscriptions

Preview

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

Similar content being viewed by others

References

  • Andersen, D. C., Armitage, K. B., and Hoffman, R. S., 1976, Socioecology of marmots: Female reproductive strategies, Ecology 57:552–560.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Bailey, V., 1905, Biological survey of Texas, N. Am. Fauna 25:1–222.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Bailey, V., 1971, Mammals of the Southwestern United States (with Special Reference to New Mexico), Dover, New York [reprint of 1931 ed.].

    Google Scholar 

  • Barash, D. P., 1973a, The social biology of the Olympic marmot (Marmota olympus), Anim. Behav. Monogr. 6:172–245.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Barash, D. P., 1973b, Social variety in the yellow-bellied marmot (Marmota flaviventris), Anim. Behav. 21:579–584.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Barash, D. P., 1974a, The social behavior of the hoary marmot (Marmota caligata), Anim. Behav. 22:256–261.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Barash, D. P., 1974b, The evolution of marmot societies: A general theory, Science 185:415–420.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Bronson, F. H., 1964, Agonistic behavior in woodchucks, Anim. Behav. 12:470–478.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Brown, J. H., Lieberman, G. A., and Dengler, W. F., 1972, Woodrats and cholla: Dependence of small mammal populations on the density of cacti, Ecology 53:310–313.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Burt, W. H., and Grossenheider, R. P., 1976, A Field Guide to the Mammals, Houghton Mifflin, Boston.

    Google Scholar 

  • Cabrera, A., and Yepes, J., 1960, Mamiferos Sud Americanos, Ediar, Buenos Aires.

    Google Scholar 

  • Coe, M. J., 1962, Notes on the habits of the Mount Kenya hyrax (Procavia johnstoni mackinderi: Thomas), Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond. 138:639–644.

    Google Scholar 

  • Corbet, G. B., and Hill, J. E., 1980, A World List of Mammalian Species, Comstock, London.

    Google Scholar 

  • Cowan, I. M., and Guiguet, C. J., 1978, The Mammals of British Columbia, British Columbia Provincial Museum, Victoria.

    Google Scholar 

  • Downhower, J. F., and Armitage, K. B., 1971, The yellow-bellied marmot and the evolution of polygamy, Am. Nat. 105:355–370.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Dubost, G., and Genest, H., 1974, Le comportement social d’une colonie de Maras Dolichotis patagonum L. dans le Parc de Branfère, Z. Tierpsychol. 35:225–302.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Eisenberg, J. F., 1974, The function and motivational basis of hystricomorph vocalizations, in: The Biology of Hystricomorph Rodents (I. W. Rowlands and B. J. Weir, eds.), Academic Press, London, pp. 211–244.

    Google Scholar 

  • Eisenberg, J. F., 1981, The Mammalian Radiations, University of Chicago Press, Chicago.

    Google Scholar 

  • Emlen, S. T., and Oring, L. W., 1977, Ecology, sexual selection, and the evolution of mating systems, Science 197:215–223.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Escherich, P. C, 1981, Social biology of the bushy-tailed woodrat, Neotoma cinerea, Univ. Calif. Puhl. Zool. 100:1–132.

    Google Scholar 

  • Fischer, G. M., 1978, Los Pequenos Mamiferos de Chile, Gayana, Concepciön.

    Google Scholar 

  • Frase, B. A., and Hoffmann, R. S., 1980, Marmota flaviventris, Mammal. Species 135:1–8.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Fricke, H. W., 1980, Control of different mating systems in coral reef fish by one environmental factor, Anim. Behav. 28:561–569.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • George, W., 1974, Notes on the ecology of gundis (F. Ctenodactylidae), in: The Biology of Hystricomorph Rodents (I. W. Rowlands and B. J. Weir, eds.), Academic Press, London, pp. 143–160.

    Google Scholar 

  • Hoeck, H., 1975, Differential feeding behavior of the sympatric hyrax Procavia johnstoni and Heterohyrox brucei, Oecologia 22:15–47.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Hoeck, H., 1982, Population dynamics, dispersal, and genetic isolation in two species of hyrax (Heterohyrax brucei and Procavia johnstoni) on habitat islands in the Serengeti, Z. Tierpsychol. 59:177–210.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Hoeck, H. N., Klein, H., and Hoeck, P., 1982, Flexible social organization in hyrax, Z. Tierpsychol. 59:265–298.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Hoffmeister, D. F., 1967, Tubulidentates, proboscideans, and hyracoideans, in: Recent Mammals of the World (S. Anderson and J. K. Jones, Jr., eds.), Ronald Press, New York, pp. 355–365.

    Google Scholar 

  • Honacki, J. H., Kinman, K. E., and Koepple, J. W., 1982, Mammal Species of the World: A Taxonomic and Geographic Reference, Allen Press, Lawrence.

    Google Scholar 

  • Howe, R. J., 1978, Agonistic behavior of three sympatric species of woodrats (Neotoma mexicana, N. albigula, and N. stephensi), J. Mammal. 59:780–786.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Jones, C., 1978, Dendrohyrax dorsalis, Mammal. Species 113:1–4.

    Google Scholar 

  • Kawamichi, T., 1970, Social pattern of the Japanese pika, Ochotona hyperborea yesoensis, preliminary report, J. Fac. Sci. Hokkaido Univ. Ser. VI Zool. 17:462–473.

    Google Scholar 

  • Kawamichi, T., 1971, Daily activities and social pattern of two Himalayan pikas, Ochotona macrotis and O. roylei, observed at Mt. Everest, J. Fac. Sci. Hokkaido Univ. Ser. VI Zool. 17:587–609.

    Google Scholar 

  • Kawamichi, T., 1976, Hay territory and dominance rank of pikas (Ochotona princeps), J. Mammal. 57:133–148.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Kingdon, J., 1971, East African mammals, I, Academic Press, London.

    Google Scholar 

  • Kingdon, J., 1974, East African mammals, IIB, Academic Press, London.

    Google Scholar 

  • Kock, D., and Schomber, H. W., 1960, Our days among the gundis (Ctenodactylus gundi), Afr. Wild Life 14:199–203.

    Google Scholar 

  • Lacher, T. E., Jr., 1979, Rates of growth in Kerodon rupestris and an assessment of its potential as a domesticated food source, Pap. Avulsos Zool. (São Paulo) 33:67–76.

    Google Scholar 

  • Lacher, T. E., Jr., 1980, The comparative social behavior of Kerodon rupestris and Galea spixii in the xeric caatinga of northeastern Brazil, Ph. D. thesis, University of Pittsburgh.

    Google Scholar 

  • Lacher, T. E., Jr., 1981, The comparative social behavior of Kerodon rupestris and Galea spixii and the evolution of behavior in the caviidae, Bull. Carnegie Mus. Nat. Hist. 17:1–71.

    Google Scholar 

  • Lacher, T. E., Jr., 1981, The comparative social behavior of Kerodon rupestris and Galea spixii and the evolution of behavior in the Caviidae, Bull. Carnegie Mus. Nat. Hist. 17:1–71.

    Google Scholar 

  • Lee, D. S., and Funderburg, J. B., 1982, Marmots, in: Mammals of North America (J. A. Chapman and G. A. Feldhamer, eds.), Johns Hopkins University Press, Baltimore, pp. 176–191.

    Google Scholar 

  • MacArthur, R., 1972, Geographical Ecology, Harper and Row, New York.

    Google Scholar 

  • Mares, M. A., 1976, Convergent evolution of desert rodents: Multivariate analysis and Zoogeographie implications, Paleobiology 2:39–63.

    Google Scholar 

  • Mares, M. A., 1980, Convergent evolution among desert rodents: A global perspective, Bull. Carnegie Mus. Nat. Hist. 16:1–51.

    Google Scholar 

  • Mares, M. A., 1983, Desert rodent adaptation and community structure, Great Basin Nat. Mem. 7:30–43.

    Google Scholar 

  • Mares, M. A., Willig, M. R., Streilein, K. E., and Lacher, T. E., Jr., 1981a, The mammals of northeastern Brazil: A preliminary assessment, Ann. Carnegie Mus. 50:80–137.

    Google Scholar 

  • Mares, M. A., Ojeda, R., and Kosco, M., 1981b, Observations on the distribution and ecology of the mammals of Salta Province, Argentina, Ann. Carnegie Mus. 50:151–206.

    Google Scholar 

  • Markham, C. G., 1972, Aspectos Climatologicos da Seca no Brasil-Nordeste, Sudene Assessouria Técnica, Divisão de Documentacão, Recife.

    Google Scholar 

  • Morrison, D. W., 1979, Apparent male defense of tree hollows in the fruit bat, Artibeus jamaicensis, J. Mammal. 60:11–15.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Nowak, R. M., and Paradiso, J. L., 1983, Walker’s Mammals of the World, Johns Hopkins University Press, Baltimore.

    Google Scholar 

  • Orians, G. H., and Solbrig, O. T., 1977, Convergent Evolution in Warm Deserts, Dowden, Hutchison, and Ross, Stroudsburg.

    Google Scholar 

  • Osgood, W. H., 1943, The mammals of Chile, Zool. Ser. Field Mus. Nat. Hist. 30:1–268.

    Google Scholar 

  • Pearson, O. P., 1948, Life history of mountain viscachas in Peru, J. Mammal. 29:345–373.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Pianka, E. R., and Pianka, H. D., 1970, The ecology of Moloch horridus (Lacertilia: Agamidae) in Western Australia, Copeia 1970:90–103.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Richardson, W. B., 1943, Woodrats (Neotoma albiguia): Their growth and development, J. Mammal. 24:130–143.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Ride, W. D. L., 1970, A Guide to the Native Mammals of Australia, Oxford University Press, Melbourne.

    Google Scholar 

  • Rood, J. P., 1970, Ecology and social behavior of the desert cavy (Microcavia australis), Am. Midi. Nat. 83:415–454.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Rood, J. P., 1972, Ecological and behavioral comparisons of three genera of Argentine cavies, Anim. Behav. Monogr. 5:1–83.

    Google Scholar 

  • Rosevear, D. R., 1969, The Rodents of West Africa, British Museum (Natural History), London.

    Google Scholar 

  • Schall, J. J., and Pianka, E. R., 1978, Geographical trends in numbers of species, Science 201:679–686.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Sharp, P. L., 1973, Behavior of the pika, (Ochotona princeps), in the Kananaskis region of Alberta, M. Sc. thesis, University of Alberta, Edmonton.

    Google Scholar 

  • Smith, A. T., 1974a, The distribution and dispersal of pikas: Consequences of insular population structure, Ecology 55:1112–1119.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Smith, A. T., 1974b, The distribution and dispersal of pikas: Influences of behavior and climate, Ecology 55:1368–1376.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Smith, A. T., 1978, Comparative demography of pikas (Ochotona): Effect of spatial and temporal age-specific mortality, Ecology 59:133–139.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Smith, A. T., 1979, Equilibrial population structure of pikas, Murrelet 60:30–31.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Smith, A. T., 1980, Temporal changes in insular populations of the pika (Ochotona princeps), Ecology 61:8–13.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Smith, A. T., 1981a, Population dynamics of pikas (genus Ochotona), in: Proceedings of the World Lagomorph Conference (K. Myers and C. D. Maclnnes, eds.), Guelph University Press, Guelph, Ontario, pp. 572–586.

    Google Scholar 

  • Smith, A. T., 1981b, Territoriality and social behavior of Ochotona princeps, in: Proceedings of the World Lagomorph Conference (K. Myers and C. D. Maclnnes, eds.), Guelph University Press, Guelph, Ontario, pp. 310–323.

    Google Scholar 

  • Smith, A. T., and Ivins, B., 1984, Spatial relationships and social organization in adult pikas: A facultatively monogamous mammal, Z. Tierpsychol. 66:289–308.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Sneath, P. H. A., and Sokal, R. R., 1973, Numerical Taxonomy, Freeman, San Francisco.

    Google Scholar 

  • Stacey, P. B., and Bock, C. E., 1978, Social plasticity in the acorn woodpecker, Science 202:1298–1300.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Streilein, K. E., 1982a, Ecology of small mammals in the semiarid Brazilian Caatinga. I. Climate and faunal composition, Ann. Carnegie Mus. 51:79–107.

    Google Scholar 

  • Streilein, K. E., 1982b, The ecology of small mammals in the semiarid Brazilian Caatinga. IV. Habitat selection, Ann. Carnegie Mus. 51:331–343.

    Google Scholar 

  • Svendsen, G. E., 1979, Territoriality and behavior in a population of pikas (Ochotona princeps), J. Mammal. 60:324–330.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Tapper, S. C., 1973, The spatial organization of pikas (Ochotona), and its effect on population recruitment, Ph. D. thesis, University of Alberta, Edmonton.

    Google Scholar 

  • Troughton, E., 1943, Furred Mammals of Australia, Angus and Robertson, Sydney.

    Google Scholar 

  • Tyndale-Biscoe, H., 1973, Life of Marsupials, Elsevier, New York.

    Google Scholar 

  • Vanzolini, P. E., Ramos-Costa, A. M. M., and Vitt, L. J., 1980, Repteis das Caatingas, Academia Brasileira de Ciencias, Rio de Janeiro.

    Google Scholar 

  • Vitt, L. J., 1981, Lizard reproduction: Habitat specificity and constraints on relative clutch mass, Am. Nat 117:506–514.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Walker, E., 1975, Mammals of the World, Johns Hopkins University Press, Baltimore.

    Google Scholar 

  • Weatherhead, P. J., 1979, Ecological correlates of monogamy in tundra-breeding savannah sparrows, Auk 96:391–401.

    Google Scholar 

  • Willig, M. R., 1982, A comparative ecological study of Caatingas and Cerrado Chiropteran communities: Composition, structure, morphometrics and reproduction, Ph. D. thesis, University of Pittsburgh.

    Google Scholar 

  • Willig, M. R., 1983, Composition, microgeographic variation, and sexual dimorphism in Caatingas and Cerrado bat communities from Northeast Brazil, Bull. Carnegie Mus. Nat. Hist. 23:1–131.

    Google Scholar 

  • Wilson, E. O., 1975, Sociohiology, Harvard University Press, Cambridge, Massachusetts.

    Google Scholar 

  • Wilson, S. C., and Kleiman, D. C., 1974, Eliciting play: A comparative study, Am. Zool. 14:341–370.

    Google Scholar 

  • Wittenberger, J. F., 1979, The evolution of mating systems in birds and mammals, in: Handbook of Behavioral Neurobiology, Volume 3 (P. Marier and J. Vandenbergh, eds.), Plenum Press, New York. pp. 271–349.

    Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 1987 Springer Science+Business Media New York

About this chapter

Cite this chapter

Mares, M.A., Lacher, T.E. (1987). Ecological, Morphological, and Behavioral Convergence in Rock-Dwelling Mammals. In: Genoways, H.H. (eds) Current Mammalogy. Springer, Boston, MA. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4757-9909-5_8

Download citation

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4757-9909-5_8

  • Publisher Name: Springer, Boston, MA

  • Print ISBN: 978-1-4757-9911-8

  • Online ISBN: 978-1-4757-9909-5

  • eBook Packages: Springer Book Archive

Publish with us

Policies and ethics