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Environmental Processes Influencing the Rate of Abiotic Reduction of Nitroaromatic Compounds in the Subsurface

  • Chapter
Biodegradation of Nitroaromatic Compounds

Part of the book series: Environmental Science Research ((ESRH,volume 49))

Abstract

Numerous synthetic chemicals contain one or several nitro groups that are bound to an aromatic ring. Figure 1 shows the structures of some prominent representatives of such nitroaromatic compounds (NACs). The high toxicity of some NACs, particularly the mutagenic and carcinogenic potential of some nitrated polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), has led to considerable interest in the fate of such compounds in the environment. Due to their widespread use, NACs are ubiquitous contaminants, especially in aqueous environments. In addition to contamination originating from agricultural use, from production facilities, and waste disposal sites, diffuse input into the pedosphere via the atmosphere has been documented (21, 27, 36, 37, 59, 65, 69, 80, 81). Atmospheric production of significant quantities of NACs by photochemical processes has been reported (19, 29, 42, 80). Table 1 lists some typical concentrations of NACs that have been measured in various compartments of the environment. Very high concentrations of nitroaromatic explosives (2,4,6-trinitrotoluene (TNT) and by-products) have been found especially in soil and subsurface systems. At those sites, significant concentrations of substituted aromatic amines that may have been formed from the reduction of NACs are frequently encountered.

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  1. Swiss Federal Institute for Environmental Science and Technology (EAWAG), CH-8600, Dübendorf, Switzerland

    Stefan B. Haderlein & René P. Schwarzenbach

  2. Swiss Federal Institute of Technology (ETH), CH-8600, Dübendorf, Switzerland

    Stefan B. Haderlein & René P. Schwarzenbach

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  1. Armstrong Laboratory, Tyndall Air Force Base, Florida, USA

    Jim C. Spain

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Haderlein, S.B., Schwarzenbach, R.P. (1995). Environmental Processes Influencing the Rate of Abiotic Reduction of Nitroaromatic Compounds in the Subsurface. In: Spain, J.C. (eds) Biodegradation of Nitroaromatic Compounds. Environmental Science Research, vol 49. Springer, Boston, MA. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4757-9447-2_12

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