Skip to main content

Morphological Aspects of Lymphocyte Mediated Cytotoxicity

  • Chapter
Mechanisms of Cell-Mediated Cytotoxicity

Part of the book series: Advances in Experimental Medicine and Biology ((AEMB,volume 146))

Abstract

In this review I am going to discuss the contact-mediated killing of nucleated mammalian cells by cytotoxic T cells (Tc cells) and antibody-dependent K cells. I wish to suggest that the mechanism of killing by Tc cells and K cells is similar, although a different receptor-ligand interaction is involved in the two types of killing. Tc cells have a specific receptor which reacts with antigen on the target cell while K cells have an Fc receptor reacting with antibody on the surface of the target cell. Because of apparent similarities between NK cells and K cells it is possible that all three classes of lymphoid cell share the same mechanism of killing.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this chapter

Chapter
USD 29.95
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
eBook
USD 84.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
Softcover Book
USD 109.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Compact, lightweight edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Institutional subscriptions

Preview

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

References

  1. Mayer, M.M, Mechanism of cytolysis by lymphocytes: a comparison with complement. J. Immunol. 119:1195–1203 (1977).

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  2. Price, Z.H. The micromorphology of zeiotic blebs in cultured human epithelial (HEp) cells. Exp. Cell. Res. 48:82–92 (1967).

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  3. Green, H., Barrow, P., and B. Goldberg. Effect of antibody and complement on permeability control in ascites tumor cells and erythrocytes. J. Exp. Med. 110:699–713 (1959).

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  4. Sanderson, C.J. The mechanism of lymphocyte-mediated cyto- toxocity. Biol. Rev. 56:153–197 (1981b).

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  5. Henney, C.S. Studies on the mechanism of lymphocyte mediated cytolysis. II. The use of various target cell markers to study cytolytic events. J. Immunol. 110:73–84 (1973).

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  6. Ferluga, J., and A.C. Allison. Observations on the mechanism by which T lymphocytes exert cytotoxic effect. Nature 250: 673–675 (1974).

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  7. Martz, E. Burakoff, S.J., and B. Benacerraf. Interruption of the sequential release of small and large molecules from tumor cells by low temperature during cytolysis mediated by immune T cells or complement. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. 71:177–181 (1974).

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  8. Sanderson, C.J. The mechanism of T cell mediated cytotoxicity. I. the release of different cell components. Proc. Roy. Soc. Lond. B. 192:221–239 (1976a).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  9. Russell, J.H., Masakowski, V.R., and C.B. Dobos. Mechanisms of immune lysis. I. Physiological distinction between target cell death mediated by cytotoxic T lymphocytes and antibody plus complement. J. Immunol. 124:1100–1105 (1980).

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  10. Martz, E. Mechanism of specific tumor cell lysis by allo- immune T lymphocytes: resolution and characterization of, discrete steps in the cellular interation. Contemp. Top. Immunobiol. 7:301–361 (1977).

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  11. Martz, E. Early steps in specific tumor cell lysis by sensitized mouse T lymphocytes. II. Electrolyte permeability increase in the target cell embrane concomittant with programming for lysis. J. Immunol. 117:1023–1027 (1967).

    Google Scholar 

  12. Sanderson, C.J. The mechanism of T cell mediated cytotoxicity. VIII Zeiosis corresponds to irreversible phase (progrsuDming for lysis) in steps leading to lysis. Immunology 42:201–206 (1981a).

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  13. Küppers, R.C., and C.S. Henney. Studies on the mechanism of lymphocyte mediated cytolysis. IX. Relationships between antigen recognition and lytic expression in killer T cells. J. Immunol. 118:71–76 (1977).

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  14. Fishelson, Z. and G. Berke. T lymphocyte-mediated cytolysis: dissociation of the binding and lytic mechanism of the effector cell. J. Immunol. 120:1121 (1978).

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  15. Sanderson, C.J. The mechanism of T cell mediated cytotoxicity. II. Morphological studies of cell death by time-lapse micro- cinematography. Proc. Roy. Soc. Lond. B. 192:241–255 (1976b).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  16. Kalina, M., and G. Berke. Contact regions of cytotoxic T Ijmiphocyte target cell conjugates. Cell. Immunol. 25:41–51 (1976).

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  17. Sanderson, C.J. and A.M. Glauert. The mechanism of T cell mediated cytotoxicity. V. Morphological studies by electron microscopy. Proc. Roy. Soc. Lond. B. 198:315–323 (1977).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  18. Grimm, E., Price, Z., and B. Bonavida. Studies on the induction and expression of T cell mediated immunity. VIII. Effector target junctions and target cell membrane disruption during cytolysis. Cell. Immunol. 46:77–79 (1979a).

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  19. Munro, T.R., and M.R. Daniel. The effects of micro-operations on the morphology, survival, and lysosomes of Chinese hamster fibroblasts. Exp. Cell. Res. 38:483–494 (1965).

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  20. Shortman, K., and P. Golstein. Target cell recognition by cytolytic T cells: different requirements for the formation of strong conjugates or for proceeding to lysis. J. Immunol. 123:833–839 (1970).

    Google Scholar 

  21. Kalina, M., and H. Ginsburg. Ultrastructural aspects of the adherence to target cells of ‘in vitro’ differentiated lymphocytes. Proc. Soc. Exp. Biol. Med. 149:796–799 (1975).

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  22. Biberfeld, P., and Johansson, A. Contact areas of cytotoxic lymphocytes and target cells. Exp. Cell. Res. 94:79–87 (1975).

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  23. Liepins, A., Faanes, R.B., Lifter, J., Choi, Y.S., and E. De Harven. Ultrastructural changes during T lymphocyte mediated cytolysis. Cell. Immunol. 28:109–124 (1977).

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  24. Ryser, J.E., Sordat, B., Cerottini, J.-C., and K.T. Brunner. Mechanisms of target cell lysis of cytotoxic T Ijrmphocytes. I. Characterization of specific lymphocyte target cell conjugates separated by velocity sedimentation. Eur. J. Immunol. 7:110–117 (1977).

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  25. Kalina, M., and N. Hollander. The effect of cytochalasin B on effector target cell interaction. Quantitative and ultra- structural study. Immunology 29:709–717 (1975).

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  26. Searle, R.F., and Flaks A. A technique for liver transplantation in the inbred mouse. A fine structural study of allograft rejection. Transplantation 22:256–264 (1976).

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  27. Bykovsaja, S.N., Rytenko, A.N., Rauschenbach, M.O., and A.F. Bykovsky. The trastruetural alteration of cytotoxic T lymphocytes following their interaction with target cells. Cell. Immunol. 40:175–185 (1978).

    Article  Google Scholar 

  28. Sanderson, C.J., and Glauert, A.M. The mechanism of T cell mediated cytotoxicity. VI. T cell projections and their role in target cell killing. Immunology 36:119–129 (1979).

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  29. Perlmann, P., and G. Holm. Cytotoxic effects of lymphid cells in vitro. Adv. Immunol. 11:117–193 (1969).

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  30. Sanderson, C.J., Clark, I.A., and G.A. Taylor. Different effector cell types in antibody dependent cell mediated cytotoxicity. Nature 253:376–377 (1975).

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  31. Pollack, S.B., Nelson, K., and J.D. Grausz. Separation of effector cells mediating antibody dependent cellular cytotoxicity (ADC) to erythrocyte targets from those mediating ADC to tumor targets. J. Immunol. 116:944–946 (1976).

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  32. Penfold, P.L., Green, A.H., and I.M. Roitt. Characteristics of the effector cells mediating cytotoxicity against antibody coated target cells. III. Ultrastructural studies. Clin. Exp. Immunol. 23:91–97 (1976).

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  33. Sanderson, C.J., and J.A. Thomas. A comparison of the cytotoxic activity of eosinophils and other cells by chromium release and time-lapse microcinematography. Immunology 34: 771–780 (1978).

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  34. Berger, A.E., and Amos, D.B. A comparison of antibody dependent cellular cytotoxicity (ADCC) mediated by murine and human lymphoid cell populations. Cell. Immunol. 33:377–290 (1977).

    Article  Google Scholar 

  35. Holm, G. Lysis of antibody-treated human erythrocytes by human leukocytes and macrophages in tissue culture. Int. Arch. Allergy Appl. Immunol. 3:671–682 (1972).

    Article  Google Scholar 

  36. Lopez, A.F., and C.J. Sanderson. Antibody dependent cell mediated cytotoxocity of nucleated mammalian cells by rat eosinophils and neutrophils. Int. Arch. Allergy Appl. Immunol. In press (1981).

    Google Scholar 

  37. Sanderson, C.J., and J.A. Thomas. The mechanism of K cell (antibody dependent) cell mediated cytotoxicity. I. The release of different cell components. Proc. Roy. Soc. Long. B. 197:407–415 (1977a).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  38. Sanderson, C.J., and J.A. Thomas. The mechanism of K cell (antibody dependent) cell mediated cytotoxicity. II. Characteristics of the effector cell and mrophological changes in the target cell. Proc. Roy. Soc. Lond. B. 197:417–424 (1977b).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  39. Glauert, A.M., and C.J. Sanderson. The mechanism of K cell (antibody-dependent) mediated cytotoxicity. III. The ultra- structure of K cell projections and their possible role in target cell killing. J. Cell. Sci. 35: 355–366 (1979).

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  40. Dourmashkin, R.R., Deteix, P., Simone, C.B., and P. Henkart. Electron microscopic demnstration of lesions in target cells membranes associated with antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxocity. Clin. Exp. Immunol. 42: 554–560 (1980).

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  41. Russell, J.H., and C.B. Dobos. Mechanisms of immune lysis. II. CTL induced nuclear disintegration of the targt begins within minutes of cell contact. J. Immunol. 124:1256–1261 (1980).

    Google Scholar 

  42. Godman, G.C., Miranda, A.G., Deitch, A.D., and Tanenbaum. Action of cytochalasin D on cells of established lines. III. Zeeiosis and movements of the cell surface. J. Cell. Biol. 64:644–667 (1975).

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  43. Zagury, D., Bernard, J., Jeannesson, P., Thiemess, N., and J.-C. Cerottini. Studies on the mechanism of T cell mediated lysis at the single cell level. I. Kinetic analysis of lethal hits and target cell lysis in multicellular conjugates. J. Immunol. 123:1604–1609 (1970).

    Google Scholar 

  44. Golstein, P., Foa, C., and I.C.M. MacLennan. Mechanism of T cell mediated cytolysis: the differential impact of cytochalasins at the recognition and lethal hit stages. Eur. J. Immunol. 8:302–309. (1978)

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 1982 Plenum Press, New York

About this chapter

Cite this chapter

Sanderson, C.J. (1982). Morphological Aspects of Lymphocyte Mediated Cytotoxicity. In: Clark, W.R., Golstein, P. (eds) Mechanisms of Cell-Mediated Cytotoxicity. Advances in Experimental Medicine and Biology, vol 146. Springer, Boston, MA. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4684-8959-0_1

Download citation

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4684-8959-0_1

  • Publisher Name: Springer, Boston, MA

  • Print ISBN: 978-1-4684-8961-3

  • Online ISBN: 978-1-4684-8959-0

  • eBook Packages: Springer Book Archive

Publish with us

Policies and ethics