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Prevention of Developmental Disorders

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Handbook of Prevention

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Abstract

In this chapter we will consider prevention of four representative developmental disabilities: infantile autism, developmental dysphasia, developmental dyslexia, and attention deficit disorder. Among these syndromes there are acquired or symptomatic forms secondary to some known etiological factor. When these secondary cases have been identified by appropriate differential diagnostic procedures, there remains an unexplained set of core syndromes, each characterized by a unique set of disabilities which, with respect to our current state of knowledge, must be considered developmental and cannot at the moment be attributed to any specific cause. These syndromes or sets of behavior are considered developmental; they appear to be inborn, with antecedents dating from the time of pregnancy, delivery, or shortly after birth; and they are modified with the maturation of the child in whom they occur. Being developmental in this sense, and of unspecified etiology, there is little that can be done in terms of primary prevention. Primary prevention is the prevention of the occurrence, or at least the expression, of the disability; secondary prevention is something less ambitious. Consequently, when we speak of prevention of these developmental disabilities, we are considering secondary prevention. Secondary prevention can be understood to be concerned with the prevention of secondary effects of these disorders, that is, complications, side effects, and preventable exacerbations of the primary disability. Complications and side effects may include distress and discomfort, not only to the child but also to his family and to society at large, including the educational system, in which the child grows and develops.

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  1. Neuropsychiatric Institute, UCLA, 760 Westwood Plaza, Los Angeles, CA, 90024, USA

    Edward M. Ornitz

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  1. West Virginia University, Morgantown, West Virginia, USA

    Barry A. Edelstein

  2. Western Psychiatric Institute and Clinic, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA

    Larry Michelson

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© 1986 Plenum Press, New York

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Ornitz, E.M. (1986). Prevention of Developmental Disorders. In: Edelstein, B.A., Michelson, L. (eds) Handbook of Prevention. Springer, Boston, MA. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4684-5044-6_4

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