Skip to main content
SpringerLink
Log in
Book cover

Molecular Metals pp 209–242Cite as

Recent Progress in the Chemistry and Physics of Poly (Diacetylenes)

  • Chapter

Part of the book series: Nato Conference Series ((MASC,volume 1))

Abstract

The search for macroscopic single crystals of polymers with the aim to study the intrinsic solid-state properties of macromolecules and their interaction in a perfect three dimensional lattice is as old as polymer science itself. Unfortunately, it seems to be an intrinsic property of high molecular weight chain molecules to aggregate under conditions of crystallization in form of highly complex morphological structures in which parts of the chains remain amorphous and form a matrix in which microscopic domains of crystalline chain segments of the same molecules are embedded. For some time it was even believed that perfect polymer single crystals do not exist at all, mainly because the phenomenon of chain folding observed in polymer crystallization is so general and structure-independent that the formation of extended chain crystals of polymers seemed to be impossible (1). The extensive research undertaken in the area of polymer crystallization leaves indead little hope for successful attempts to prepare a polymer backbone first by one or the other methods of polymer chemistry e. g. polymer charge-transfer-complexes of the type TTF-TCNQ or polyconjugated molecules or even more complex molecules like the ones proposed by Little (2) with the aim to crystallize these products afterwards into single-crystal-like or at least polycrystalline materials.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution.

Chapter
USD   29.95
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
eBook
USD   39.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
Softcover Book
USD   54.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Compact, lightweight edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Learn about institutional subscriptions

Preview

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

References

  1. For an extensive discussion of the problems encountered in polymer crystallization and morphology it is refered to B. Wunderlich “Macromolecular Physics, Academic Press, New York 1976

    Google Scholar 

  2. W. A. Little, J. Polymer Sci. C 17, 3 (1967)

    Google Scholar 

  3. G. Wegner, Z. Naturforschg. 24b, 824 (1969)

    Google Scholar 

  4. F. L. Hirshfeld and G. M. J. Schmidt, J. Polymer Sci. A2, 2181 (1964),

    Google Scholar 

  5. G. M. J. Schmidt in Reactivity of the Photoexcited Molecule, p. 227 f. Interscience (1967)

    Google Scholar 

  6. There are several reviews discussing the implications of organic solid-state chemistry both to preparative and structural chemistry, among others:

    Google Scholar 

  7. M. D. Cohen and B. S. Green, Chemistry in Britain, 9, 490 (1973)

    Google Scholar 

  8. J. M. Thomas, Phil. Trans. Roy. Soc. (London) A277, 251 (1974)

    Google Scholar 

  9. G. Wegner, Pure & Appl. Chem. 49, 443 (1977)

    Google Scholar 

  10. G. Wegner, A. Munoz-Escalona and E. W. Fischer, Makromol. Chem. Suppl. 1, 521 (1975)

    Google Scholar 

  11. J. Kaiser, G. Wegner, and E. W. Fischer, Israel J. Chem. 10, 157 (1972)

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  12. R. H. Baughman, J. Polym. Sci., Polym. Phys. Ed. 12, 1511 (1974)

    Google Scholar 

  13. D. Bloor et al., J. Mater. Sci. 10, 1678, 1689 (1975)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  14. The only other case besides the diacetylenes where formation of a solid solution of the growing polymer product with the parent monomer matrix has been reported refers to the polymerization of SN to (SN) (R. H. Baughman and R. R.Chance, J. Polym. Sci. Polym. Phys. Ed.x 14, 2019 (1976)

    Google Scholar 

  15. R. H. Baughman, The Solid-state Synthesis and Properties of Photoconducting, Metallic and Superconducting Polymer Crystals in “Contemporary Topics in Polymer Science, Vol. 2, E. M. Pearce and I. R. Schaefgen, Eds. Plenum Press 1977, p. 205

    Chapter  Google Scholar 

  16. K. Takeda and G. Wegner, Makromol. Chem. 160, 349 (1972)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  17. G. C. Stevens and D. Bloor, Chem. Phys. Letters 40, 37 (1976)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  18. H. Eichele, M. Schwoerer, R. Huber and D. Bloor, Chem. Phys. Letters, 42, 342 (1976)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  19. G. Wegner, Organic Linear Polymers with Conjugated Double Bonds in Chemistry and Physics of One-Dimensional Metals, H. J. Keller, Ed., Plenum Press 1977, p. 297

    Google Scholar 

  20. E. Hädicke et al., Angew. Chem. 83. 253 (1971)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  21. D. Kobelt and H. Paulus, Acta Cryst. B30, 232 (1974)

    Google Scholar 

  22. J. B. Lando, D. Day and V. Enkelmann, ACS-Polymer Preprints 18, 1, 190 (1977)

    Google Scholar 

  23. D. Day and J. B. Lando, J. Polymer Sci., Polym. Phys. Ed. 16, 1009 (1978)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  24. V. En kelmann and J. B. Lando, Acta Cryst. (1978) in press

    Google Scholar 

  25. A. J. Melveger and R. H. Baughman, J. Polymer Sci., Polym. Phys. Ed. 11, 603 (1973)

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  26. R. H. Baughman, J. D. Witt and K. C. Yee, J. Chem. Phys. 60, 4755 (1974)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  27. D. Bloor, D. J. Ando, F.H. Preston and G. C. Stevens, Chem. Phys. Letters 24, 407 (1974)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  28. D. Bloor, F. H. Preston, D. J. Ando and D. N. Batchelder “Resonant Raman Scattering from Diacetylene Polymers” in: Structural Studies of Macromolecules by Spectroscopic Methods p. 91 f., K. J. Ivin, Ed. Wiley 1975

    Google Scholar 

  29. W. Schermann and G. Wegner, Makromol. Chem. 175, 667 (1974)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  30. E. G. Wilson, J. Phys. C: Solid-State Phys. 8, 727 (1975)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  31. G. Wegner, Makromol. Chem. 145, 85 (1971)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  32. G. Wegner, Makromol. Chem. 154, 35 (1972)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  33. J. M. Schultz, J. Mater. Sci. 12, 2258 (1976)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  34. W. Schermann, J.O. Williams, J. M. Thomas and G. Wegner, J. Polymer Sci., Polymer Phys. Ed. 13, 753 (1975)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  35. G. Wegner and W. Schermann, Colloid & Polymer Sci., 252, 655 (1974)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  36. V. Enkelmann and G. Wegner, Makromol. Chem. 178, 635 (1977)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  37. V. Enkelmann, Acta Cryst. B33, 2842 (1977)

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  38. V. Enkelmann and G. Wegner, Angew. Chem. 89, 432 (1977)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  39. V. Enkelmann, R. J. Leyrer and G. Wegner, J. Amer. Chem. Soc, in press

    Google Scholar 

  40. D. Bloor, F. H. Preston and D. J. Ando, Chem. Phys. Letters, 38, 33 (1976)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  41. B. Reimer, H. Baessler, J. Hesse and G. Weiser, phys. stat. sol. (b) 73, 709 (1976)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  42. C. J. Eckhardt, H. Müller, J. Tylicki and R. R. Chance, J. Chem. Phys. 65, 4311 (1976)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  43. M. Schott, F. Batallan and M. Bertault, Chem. Phys. Lett. 53, 443 (1978)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  44. C. Flytzanis, C. Cojan and G. P. Agrawal, Nuovo Cimento 39b, 488 (1977)

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  45. G. P. Agrawal, C. Cojan and C. Flytzanis, Phys. Rev. Letters, 38, 711 (1977)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  46. D. Bloor and F. H. Preston, phys. stat. sol. (a) 37, 427 (1976)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  47. D. Bloor and F. H. Preston, phys. stat. sol. 39, 607 (1977)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  48. D. Bloor, D. N. Batchelder and F. H. Preston, phys. stat. sol. 40, 279 (1977)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  49. H. A. Pohl and R. P. Chartoff, J. Polymer Sci. A2, 2787 (1964)

    Google Scholar 

  50. N. R. Byrel, F. K. Kleist and D. N. Stamires, J. Polymer Sci., Phys. Ed. 10, 957 (1972)

    Google Scholar 

  51. L. S. Singer and J. Kommandeur, J. Chem. Phys. 34, 133 (1961)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  52. A. A. Berlin, Vysokomol. Soed. A13, 2429 (1971)

    Google Scholar 

  53. J.A. Pople and S. H. Walmsley, Mol.Phys. 5, 15 (1962)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  54. G. F. Kventsel and Yu. A. Kruglyak, Theor. Chem. Acta 12, 1 (1968)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  55. G. C. Stevens and D. Bloor, J. Polymer Sci., Polym. Phys. Ed. 13, 2411 (1975)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  56. G. C. Stevens and D. Bloor, phys. stat. sol. (a) 45, 483 (1978)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  57. G. C. Stevens and D. Bloor, phys. stat. sol. 46, 141 (1978)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  58. G. C. Stevens and D. Bloor, phys. stat. sol. 46, 619 (1978)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  59. Some implications of such a defect and further defects derived from it by consecutive bond rotations (“orbital-flip-defect”) on the spectral properties of polydiacetylenes have been discussed (50)

    Google Scholar 

  60. R. H. Baughman and R. R. Chance, J. Appl. Phys. 47, 4295 (1976)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  61. R.J. Leyrer, G. Wegner and W. Wettling, Ber. Bunsenges. Phys. Chem. 82, 697 (1978)

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  62. D. N. Batchelder and D. Bloor “Strain Dependence of the Vibrational Modes of a Diacetylene Crystal”, Preprint

    Google Scholar 

  63. R. H. Baughman, H. Gleiter and N. Sendfeld, J. Polymer Sci., Polym. Phys. Ed. 13 . 1871 (1975)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  64. F. C. Frank, Proc. R. Soc. London, Ser. A 319, 127 (1970)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  65. Y. Kobayashi and A. Keller, Polymer 11, 114 (1970)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  66. R. H. Baughman and E. A. Turi, J. Polymer Sci., Polym. Phys. Ed. 11, 2453 (1973)

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  67. D. N. Batchelder, J. Polymer Sci., Polymer Phys. Ed. 14, 1235 (1976)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  68. R.W. Munn, J. Phys. C. 5, 535 (1972)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  69. R. J. Young, D. Bloor, D. N. Batchelder and C. L. Hubble J. Mater. Sci. 13, 62 (1978) and references therin

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  70. K. C. Yee and R. R. Chance, J. Polym. Sci., Polym. Phys. Ed. 16, 431 (1978)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  71. V. Enkelmann, G. Schleyer, G. Wegner, H. Eichele and M. Schwoerer Chem. Phys. Letters 52, 314 (1977)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  72. The monomer undergoes a photochemical isomerization if solutions are exposed even to day light for some time. Crystallization should be carried out in the dark.

    Google Scholar 

  73. A. Warshel and E. Huler, Chem. Phys. 6, 463 (1974)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  74. H. Eichele, M. Schworer and J. K. von Schütz, Chem. Phys. Letters, 56, 208 (1978)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  75. P. A. Apgar and K. C. Yee, Acta Cryst. B34, 957 (1978)

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  76. R. J. Hood, H. Müller, C. J. Eckhardt, R. R. Chance and K.C. Yee, Chem. Phys. Letters 54, 295 (1978)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  77. J. J. Mayerle and M. A. Flandera, Acta Crst. B34, 1374, (1978)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  78. D. Bloor, W. Hersel and D. N. Batchelder, Chem. Phys. Letters 45, 411 (1977)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  79. Z. Igbal, R. R. Chance and R. H. Baughman, J. Chem. Phys. 66, 5520 (1977)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  80. G. Wegner, G. Arndt, H. J. Graf and M. Steinbach in “Reactivity of Solids” J. Wood et al. Eds., Plenum Press 1977, p. 487 f.

    Google Scholar 

  81. G. J. Exharos, W. M. Risen and R. H. Baughman, J. Amer. Chem. Soc. 98, 481 (1976)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  82. R. R. Chance, R. H. Baughman, A. F. Preziosi and E. A. Turi, Bull. Amer. Phys. Soc. 22, 408 (1977)

    Google Scholar 

  83. R. R. Chance, R. H. Baughman, H. Müller and C. J. Eckhardt, J. Chem. Phys. 67, 3616 (1977)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  84. R. H. Baughman and R. R.Chance “Fully conjugated polymer crystals: Solid-state synthesis and properties of the polydiacetylenes” Ann. New York Acad. Sci., in press

    Google Scholar 

  85. B. Tieke, Thesis, University of Freiburg, 1978

    Google Scholar 

  86. V. Enkelmann and G. Schleier, unpublished

    Google Scholar 

  87. H. Eichele, Thesis, University of Bayreuth, 1978, p. 124 f.

    Google Scholar 

  88. J. J. Mayerle and T. C. Clarke, Acta Cryst. B34, 143 (1978)

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  89. V. Enkelmann, private communication

    Google Scholar 

  90. C. Kröhnke, private communication

    Google Scholar 

  91. B. Tieke, G. Wegner, D. Naegele and H. Ringsdorf, Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. 15, 764 (1976)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  92. B. Tieke, H.-J. Graf, G. Wegner et al., Colloid & Polymer Sci., 255, 521 (1977)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  93. B. Tieke and G. Wegner, in “Topics in Surface Chemistry”, Plenum Press 1978 p. 121

    Book  Google Scholar 

  94. B. Tieke, G. Lieser and G. Wegner, J. Polym. Sci., Polym. Chem. Ed.. in press

    Google Scholar 

  95. D. Day and H. Ringsdorf, J. Polym. Sci. Polym. Letters Ed. 16, 205 (1978)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  96. K. B. Blodgett, J. Amer. Chem. Soc. 57, 1007 (1935); for a complete description of the technique and its application see ref. (87)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  97. H. Kuhn and D. Möbius, Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. 10, 620 (1971)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  98. B. Tieke and G. Wegner, Makromol. Chem. 179, 1639 (1978)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  99. K. Lochner, B. Reimer and H. Bässler, Chem. Phys. Letters 41, 388 (1976)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  100. J. Knecht, B. Reimer and H. Bässler, Chem. Phys. Letters 49, 327 (1977)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  101. G.C. Stevens, D. Bloor and P. M. Williams, Chem. Phys. 28, 399 (1978)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  102. J. Knecht and H. Bässler, Chem. Phys. in press

    Google Scholar 

  103. B. Reimer and H. Bässler, phys. stat. sol. (a) 32, 435 (1975)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  104. R. R. Ehance and R. H. Baughman, J. Chem. Phys. 64, 3889 (1976)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  105. K. Lochner, B. Reimer and H. Bässler, phys. stat. sol. (b) 76, 533 (1976)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  106. R. Jankowiak, J. Kalinowski, B. Reimer and H. Bässler, Chem. Phys. Letters 54, 483 (1978)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  107. M. R. Philpott, Chem. Phys. Letters 50, 18 (1977)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  108. D. S. Boudreaux and R. R. Chance, Chem. Phys. Letters 51, 273 (1977)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  109. M. Kertesz, J. Koller and A. Azman, Chem. Phys. 27, 273 (1978)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  110. H. Müller, C. J. Eckhardt, R. R. Chance and R. Baughman, Chem. Phys. Letters 50, 22 (1977)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  111. K. Lochner, H. Bässler, B. Tieke and G. Wegner, phys. stat. sol. (b) 1978 in press

    Google Scholar 

  112. V. Enkelmann, personal communication

    Google Scholar 

  113. C. C. Sauteret et al. Phys. Rev. Letters 36, 956 (1976)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  114. J. P. Hermann and J. Ducuing, J. Appl. Phys. 45, 5100 (1974)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  115. C. Cojan, G. Agrawal and C. Flytzanis, Phys. Rev. B2, 909 (1977)

    Google Scholar 

  116. G. P. Agrawal, C. Cojan and C. Flytzanis, Preprint

    Google Scholar 

  117. R. Huber, M. Schworer, C. Bubeck and H. Sixl, Preprint “The Sign of D in the Triple Carbene of a Polydiacetylene Single Crystal) (PTS)

    Google Scholar 

  118. H. Sixl, W. Hersel and H. C. Wolf, Chem. Phys. Letters 53, 39 (1978)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  119. C. Bubeck, H. C. Wolf and H. Sixl, Preprint “Photopolymerization of Diacetylene Single-Crystals II. ESR-Spectroscopy

    Google Scholar 

  120. H. Eichele and M. Schwoerer, phys. stat. sol. (a) in press

    Google Scholar 

  121. R.R. Chance, G. N. Patel, E. A. Turi and Y. P. Khanna, J. Amer. Chem. Soc. 100, 1307 (1978)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  122. A.R.McGhie, P.S. Kalyanaraman and A. F. Garito, J. Polymer Sci., Polym. Phys. Ed. in press

    Google Scholar 

  123. R. R. Chance and J. M. Sowa, J. Amer. Chem. Soc. 99, 6703 (1977)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  124. R. R. Chance and G. N. Patel, J. Polym. Sci., Polym. Phys. Ed. 16, 859 (1978)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  125. R.H. Bauhgman, J. Chem. Phys. 68, 3110 (1978)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  126. R. H. Baughman and K. C. Yee, J. Polymer Sci., Pol. Chem. Ed. 12, 2467 (1974)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Institut für Makromolekulare Chemie, Universität — Hermann-Staudinger-Haus, Stefan-Meier-Str. 31, D-7800, Freiburg, West Germany

    G. Wegner

Authors
  1. G. Wegner
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

  1. University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA

    William E. Hatfield

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 1979 Plenum Press, New York

About this chapter

Cite this chapter

Wegner, G. (1979). Recent Progress in the Chemistry and Physics of Poly (Diacetylenes). In: Hatfield, W.E. (eds) Molecular Metals. Nato Conference Series, vol 1. Springer, Boston, MA. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4684-3480-4_23

Download citation

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4684-3480-4_23

  • Publisher Name: Springer, Boston, MA

  • Print ISBN: 978-1-4684-3482-8

  • Online ISBN: 978-1-4684-3480-4

  • eBook Packages: Springer Book Archive

Publish with us

Policies and ethics

Search

Navigation