Abstract
The response of mammalian cells to external stimuli involves transduction of signals across the plasma membrane into the cell cytoplasm and nucleus. Binding of hormones, neurotransmitters, growth factors, cytokines, and a variety of agonists to specific receptors results in the activation of effector enzymes, which catalyze the generation of second messengers. For example, activation of adenylate cyclase results in hydrolysis and conversion of ATP to cyclic AMP (cAMP), the first second-messenger system reported in mammalian cells.1 Similarly, stimulation of phospholipases A2, C., and D generates arachidonic acid, diacylglycerol (DAG), and phosphatidic acid (PA), respectively.2 These lipid-derived second messengers are further metabolized or converted to oxygenated derivatives of arachidonate or lysophosphatidic acid (LPA). In addition to agonists, reactive oxygen species (ROS) or oxidants such as hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), Superoxide anion, hydroxyl radical, nitric oxide (NO), or peroxynitrite also modulate cellsignaling pathways in mammalian cells.3,4
Keywords
- Focal Adhesion Kinase
- Tyrosine Phosphorylation
- Phosphatidic Acid
- Phosphatidic Acid
- Protein Tyrosine Phosphorylation
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Natarajan, V., Scribner, W.M., Vepa, S. (1997). Oxidant-Mediated Activation of Phospholipases C and D. In: Forman, H.J., Cadenas, E. (eds) Oxidative Stress and Signal Transduction. Springer, Boston, MA. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4615-5981-8_5
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4615-5981-8_5
Publisher Name: Springer, Boston, MA
Print ISBN: 978-1-4613-7741-2
Online ISBN: 978-1-4615-5981-8
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