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Novel Approaches to Engineering Disease Resistance in Crops

  • Chapter
Genetic Engineering

Part of the book series: Genetic Engineering ((GEPM,volume 19))

Abstract

The natural defense mechanisms of plants are highly effective in preventing pathogen colonization and disease. Resistance is multi-tiered, with passive and active, constitutive and inducible elements (1–3). Physical barriers imposed by the host cell wall and cuticle act as a first line of defense (4), fortified by the constitutive expression of proteins and secondary metabolites with anti-microbial activity (5, 6). Pathogens able to breach these defenses are recognized by resistant plants, generating a rapid oxidative burst and activating host transcription of genes involved in the biosynthesis of antimicrobial phytoalexins, fungal cell wall degrading hydrolases (e.g., chitinase and glucanase), and a large number of pathogenesis-related (PR) proteins (7, 8). At the site of attack, resistant plants often exhibit a hypersensitive reaction (HR) to pathogen challenge (9–11). In these cases, host tissue undergoes a rapid, localized cell death that resembles mammalian apoptosis (12, 13). The local perception of pathogen attack is conveyed to distant tissues via a transmissible signal that involves salicylic acid (SA) (14–19), further activating gene expression and conditioning a state known as systemic acquired resistance (SAR) (2, 3, 7, 20–22). Establishment of SAR is a powerful line of plant defense as it can provide broad-spectrum resistance against subsequent viral, bacterial and fungal challenges (3, 20, 23–25).

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Ceregen Monsanto Company, 700 Chesterfield Parkway North, St. Louis, MO, 63198, USA

    Kathy M. M. Swords, Jihong Liang & Dilip M. Shah

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  1. Kathy M. M. Swords
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  2. Jihong Liang
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  3. Dilip M. Shah
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  1. Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York, USA

    Jane K. Setlow

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Swords, K.M.M., Liang, J., Shah, D.M. (1997). Novel Approaches to Engineering Disease Resistance in Crops. In: Setlow, J.K. (eds) Genetic Engineering. Genetic Engineering, vol 19. Springer, Boston, MA. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4615-5925-2_1

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4615-5925-2_1

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