Skip to main content
SpringerLink
Log in

Interactions among non-native plants and birds

  • Chapter
Avian Ecology and Conservation in an Urbanizing World

Abstract

Humans have introduced many non-native plants into urbanizing landscapes. In numerous cases, the dispersal and establishment of non-native plants are facilitated by birds. We have reviewed documented relationships between birds and non-native plants with specific attention to the urbanizing environment. Birds consume fruits and disperse seeds of non-native plants. They may also increase seed production or plant/seed survival by pollinating non-native plant species or consuming insect predators, respectively. Some avian frugivores facilitate the spread of, and benefit from, non-native plant species. In contrast, some avian nectarivores and insectivores have evolved mutualisms with specific plants and have been negatively influenced by the spread of competing, non-native plants. We enumerate the characteristics of successful, avian-dispersed fruit displays, and then highlight conditions in the urbanizing landscape that influence avian community structure and the spread of non-native plants. Finally, we discuss how these characteristics should influence management decisions and future research directions.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this chapter

Log in via an institution
Chapter
USD 29.95
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
eBook
USD 169.00
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
Softcover Book
USD 219.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Compact, lightweight edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info
Hardcover Book
USD 219.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Durable hardcover edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Institutional subscriptions

Preview

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

References

  • Andersen, A. V. 1995. Comparison of dispersal strategies of alien and native species in the Danish flora, p.61–70. In P. Pyšek, K. Prach, M Rejmánek, and M. Wade [EDS.], Plant invasions — general aspects and special problems. SPB Academic Publishing, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.

    Google Scholar 

  • Anderson, B. W., A. Higgins, and R. D. Ohmart. 1979. Avian use of saltcedar communities in the lower Colorado River Valley, p. 128–136. In Importance, preservation, and management of riparian habitat: a symposium. USDA Forest Service General Tech. Report RM 143.

    Google Scholar 

  • Askins, R. A., and M. J. Philbrick. 1989. Effect of changes in regional forest abundance on the decline and recovery of a forest bird community. Wilson Bull. 99:7–21.

    Google Scholar 

  • Auge, H., and R. Brandl. 1999. Seedling recruitment in the invasive clonal shrub, Mahonia aquifolium Pursh (Nutt). Oecologia 110:205–211.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Baker, H. G. and P. D. Hurd. 1968. Intrafloral ecology. Ann. Rev. of Entom.: 385–414.

    Google Scholar 

  • Balasubramanian, P. 1996. Interactions between fruit-eating birds and bird-dispersed plants in the tropical dry evergreen forest of Point Calimere, South India. J. Bombay Nat. Hist. Soc. 93:428–441.

    Google Scholar 

  • Baldwin, J. R., and J. R. Lovvorn. 1994. Expansion of seagrass habitat by the exotic Zostera japonica, and its use by dabbling ducks and Brant in Boundary Bay, British Columbia. Mar. Ecol. Prog. Ser. 103:119–129.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Barnea, A. Y., J. B. Harborne, and C. Pannell. 1993. What parts of fleshy fruits contain secondary compounds toxic to birds and why. Biochem. Syst. Ecol.. 21: 421–429.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Barnea, A., Y. Yom-Tov, and J. Friedman. 1990. Differential germination of two closely related species of Solarium in response to bird ingestion. Oikos 57:222–228.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Bass, D. A. 1990. Pied currawongs and seed dispersal. Corella 14:24–9.

    Google Scholar 

  • Bass, D. A. 1995. Contribution of introduced fruits to the winter diet of pied currawongs in Armidale, New South Wales. Corella 19:127–32.

    Google Scholar 

  • Bawa, K. S., and J. H. Beach. 1981. Evolution of sexual systems in flowering plants. Ann. Missouri Bot. Gard. 68:254–274.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Bazzaz, F. A. 1986. Life history of colonizing plants: some demographic, genetic, and physiological features. In H.A. Mooney and J.A. Drake [EDS.], Ecology of biological invasions of North America and Hawaii. Springer-Verlag, New York, NY.

    Google Scholar 

  • Beissinger, S. R., and D. R. Osborne. 1982. Effects of urbanization on avian community organization. Condor 84:75–83.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Benoit, L. K., and A. Askins. 1999. Impact of the spread of Phragmites on the distribution of birds in Connecticut tidal marshes. Wetlands 19:194–208

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Binggeli, P., and A. C. Hamilton. 1993. Biological invasion by Maesopsis eminii in the East Usambara forests, Tanzania. Opera Bot. 121.229–235.

    Google Scholar 

  • Blair, R. B. 1996. Land-use and avian species diversity along an urban gradient. Ecol. Appl. 6:506–519.

    Google Scholar 

  • Bock, C. E., J. H. Bock, K. L. Jepson, and J. C. Ortega. 1986. Ecological effects of planting African lovegrasses in Arizona. National Geographic Research 2:456–463.

    Google Scholar 

  • Bolger, Douglas. 2001. Urban birds: population, community, and landscape approaches, 155–177. In J. M. Marzluff, R. Bowman, and R. Donnelly [EDS.], Avian ecology and conservation in an urbanizing world. Kluwer Academic, Norwell, MA.

    Chapter  Google Scholar 

  • Bossard, C. C. 1991. The role of habitat disturbance, seed predation, ant dispersal on establishment of the exotic shrub Cytisus scoparius in California. Am. Midland Nat. 126:1–13.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Braithwaite, R. W., W. M. Lonsdale, and J. A. Estbergs. 1989. Alien vegetation and native biota in tropical Australia: the impact of Mimosa pigra. Biol. Conserv. 48:189–210.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Breytenbach, G. J. 1986. Impacts of alien organisms on terrestrial communities with emphasis on communities of the south-western Cape, p.229–238. In I. A. W. MacDonald, F. J. Kruger, and A. A. Ferrar [EDS.], The ecology and management of biological invasions in southern Africa. Oxford University Press, Cape Town, South Africa.

    Google Scholar 

  • Buchanan, R. A. 1989. Pied currawongs (Strepera graculina): their diet and role in weed dispersal in suburban Sydney, New South Wales. Proc. Linn. Soc. N.S.W. 111:241–255.

    Google Scholar 

  • Butterfield, B. W. 1999. National gardening survey 1996-1999. National Gardening Association, Burlington, VT

    Google Scholar 

  • Calley, M., R. W. Braithwaite, and P. G. Ladd. 1993. Reproductive biology of Ravenala madagascariensis Gmel. as an alien species. Biotropica 25:61–72

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Carothers, S. W. and B. T. Brown. 1991. The Colorado River through Grand Canyon: natural history and human change. University of Arizona Press, Tempe.

    Google Scholar 

  • Catterall, C. P., R. J. Green, and D. N. Jones. 1989. Occurrence of birds in relation to plants in a subtropical city. Aust. Wildl. Res. 16:289–305.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Catterall, C. P., R. J. Green, and D. N. Jones. 1991. Habitat use by birds across a forest-scrub interface in Brisbane: implications for corridors. In D.A. Saunders and R.J. Hobbs [EDS.], Nature conservation 2: the role of corridors. Surrey Beatty and Sons, Australia.

    Google Scholar 

  • Christensen, K. M., T. G. Whitham, and R. P. Balda. 1991. Discriminating among pinyon pine trees by Clarks’ nutcrackers: effects of cone crop size and cone characters. Oecologia 86:402–409.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Cicero, C. 1989. Avian community structure in a large urban park: controls of local richness and diversity. Landscape and Urban Plann. 17:221–240.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Clergeau, P., J. L. Savard, G. Menneciez, and G. Falardeau. 1998. Bird abundance and diversity along an urban-rural gradient: A comparative study between two cities on different continents. Condor 100:413–425.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Cohan, D. R., B. W. Anderson, and R. D. Ohmart. 1978. Avian population response to salt cedar along the Lower Colorado River, p. 371–382. In Strategies for protection and management of flood plain wetlands and other riparian ecosystems: proceedings of the symposium Dec. 11–13, 1978. USDA Forest Service General Tech. Report WO-12.

    Google Scholar 

  • Cook, C. D. K. 1990. Origin, autoecology, and spread of some of the world’s most troublesome weeds, p.31–38. In A.H. Pieterse and K.J. Murphy [EDS.], The ecology and management of nuisance aquatic vegetation. Oxford University Press, England.

    Google Scholar 

  • Cole, F. R., L. L. Loope, A. C. Medeiros, J. A. Raikes, and C. S. Wood. 1995. Conservation implications of introduced game birds in high-elevation Hawaiian shrubland. Conserv. Biol. 9:306–313.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Crawley, M.J. 1989. What makes a community invasible?, p. 429–451. In A.J. Gray, M.J. Crawley, and P.J. Edwards [EDS.], Colonization, succession, and stability. Blackwell Scientific Publications, Oxford, England.

    Google Scholar 

  • Cronk Q. B.. and J. L. Fuller. 1995. Plant invaders: the threat to natural ecosystems. Chapman and Hall, London, England.

    Google Scholar 

  • D’Antonio C.. and P. M. Vitousek. 1992. Biological invasions by exotic grasses, the grass/fire cycle and global change. Ann. Rev. Ecol. System. 23:63–89.

    Google Scholar 

  • Date, E. M., H. F. Reicher, H. A. Ford, and D. A. Stewart. 1996. The conservation and ecology of rainforest pigeons in northeastern New South Wales. Pacific Conserv. Biol. 2:299–308.

    Google Scholar 

  • Dean, W. R. J., and S. J. Milton. 1988. Dispersal of seeds by raptors. Afr. J. Ecol. 26:173–176.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Debussche, M., J. Escarre, and J. Lepart. 1982. Ornithochory and plant succession in Mediterranean abandoned orchards. Vegetatio 48:255–266.

    Google Scholar 

  • Debussche, M., and P. Isenmann. 1990. Introduced and cultivated fleshy-fruited plants: consequences of a mutualistic Mediterranean plant-bird system, p.399–416. In F. Di Castri, A. J. Hansen and M. Debussche [EDS.], Biological invasions in Europe and the Mediterranean Basin. Kluwer Academic Publishers, Dordrecht, The Netherlands.

    Chapter  Google Scholar 

  • Debussche, M, and P. Isenmann. 1994. Bird-dispersed seed rain and seedling establishment in patchy Mediterranean vegetation. Oikos 69:414–426.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • De Figueiredo, R. A. 1999. Testing a biological model of adaptation for the exotic tree Michelia champaca L. (Magnoliaceae) in Brazil. Ci. Cult. Braz. Assoc. Adv. Sci. 49:278–280.

    Google Scholar 

  • DeGraaf, R. M. 1985. Residential forest structure in urban and suburban environments: some wildlife implications in New England. J. Arboriculture 11:236–241.

    Google Scholar 

  • DeGraaf, R. M. 1991. Winter foraging guild structure and habitat associations in suburban bird communities. Landscape and Urban Planning 21:173–180.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Denslow, J. S., T. C. Moermond. 1982. The effect of accessibility on rates of fruit removal from tropical shrubs: an experimental study. Oecologia 54:170–176.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Denslow, J. S., T. C. Moermond, and D. J. Levy. 1986. Spatial components of fruit display in understory trees and shrubs, p.37–44. In A. Estrada and T. H. Fleming [EDS.], Frugivores and seed dispersal. Dr. W. Junk, Publishers, Dordrecht, The Netherlands.

    Chapter  Google Scholar 

  • Dulisz, B., and J.J. Nowakowski. 1996. The species diversity of avifauna in built-up areas in the city of Olsztyn (NE Poland). Acta Ornithologica 31:33–38.

    Google Scholar 

  • Emlen, J. T. 1974. An urban bird community in Tucson, Arizona: derivation, structure, regulation. Condor 76:184–199.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Esler, D. 1990. Avian community responses to Hydrilla invasion. Wilson Bull. 102:427–440.

    Google Scholar 

  • Faegri, K., and L. Van der Pilj. 1979. The principles of pollination ecology. Pergamon Press, Inc., Oxford, England.

    Google Scholar 

  • Feldman, R., D. F. Tomback, and J. Koehler. 1999. Cost of mutualism: Competition, tree morphology, and pollen production in limber pine clusters. Ecology 80:324–329

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Fraser, M. W., and T. M. Crowe. 1990. Effects of alien woody plant invasion on the birds of Mountain Fynbos in the Cape of Good Hope Nature Reserve. S. Afr. J. Zool. 25:97–108.

    Google Scholar 

  • Friesen, L. E., P. F. J. Eagles, and R. J. Mackay. 1995. Effects of residential development on forest dwelling neotropical migrant songbirds. Conserv. Biol. 9:1408–1414.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Gardner, K. T., and D. C. Thompson. 1998. Influence of avian predation on a grasshopper (Orthoptera: Acrididae) assemblage that feeds on threadleaf snakeweed. Env. Entom. 27:110–116.

    Google Scholar 

  • Glahn, J. F., R. D. Flynt, and E. P. Hill. 1994. Historical use of bamboo/cane as blackbird and starling roosting habitat: implications for roost management. J. Field Ornith. 65:237–246.

    Google Scholar 

  • Glyphis, J. P., S. J. Milton, and W. R. Siegfried. 1981. Dispersal of Acacia cyclops by birds. Oecologia 48:138–141.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Green, R. J. 1984. Native and exotic birds in a suburban habitat. Aust. Wildl. Res. 11:191–190.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Green, R. J, C. P. Catterall, D. N. Jones. 1989. Foraging and other behavior of birds in subtropical and temperate suburban habitats. Emu 89:216–222.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Griffin, G. F., D. M. Stafford Smith, S. R. Morton, G. E. Allan, and K. A. Masters. 1989. Status and implications of the invasion of tamarisk (Tamarix aphylla) on the Finke River, Northern Territory, Australia. J. Environ. Manag. 29:297–315.

    Google Scholar 

  • Guthrie, D. A. 1974. Suburban bird populations in southern California. Am. Midi. Nat. 92:461–466.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Hardt, R. A. 1986. Japanese Honeysuckle: from “one of the best” to ruthless pest. Arnoldia 46:27–34.

    Google Scholar 

  • Hatton, T. J. 1989. Spatial patterning of sweet briar (Rosa rubiginosa) by two vertebrate species. Aust. J. Ecol. 14:199–205.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Henderson, L. 1995. Plant invaders of southern Africa. Plant Protection Institute, Pretoria.

    Google Scholar 

  • Herrera, C. M. 1984. A study of avian frugivores, bird-dispersed plants, and their interaction in Mediterranean scrublands. Ecol. Monog. 54:1–23.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Hodkinson, D. J., and Thompson, K. 1999. Plant dispersal: the role of man. J. Appl. Ecol. 34:1484–1496.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Howe, H. F., and R. B. Primack. 1975. Differential seed dispersal by birds of the tree Cascaria nitida (Flacourtiaceae). Biotropica 7:278–283.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Howe, H. F., and J. Smallwood. 1982. Ecology of seed dispersal. Ann. Rev. Ecol. Syst.. 13:201–28.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Huenneke, L. F., and J. K. Thompson. 1994. Potential interference between a threatened endemic thistle and an invasive non-native plant. Conserv. Biol. 9:416–425.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Hughes, F., P. M. Vitousek, and T. Tunison. 1991. Alien grass invasion and fire in the seasonal submontane zone of Hawaii. Ecology 72:743–746.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Humphries, S. E., R. H. Groves, D. S. Mitchell. 1991. Plant invasions of Australian ecosystems. A status review and land management directions. Kowari 2:1–134.

    Google Scholar 

  • Hutchinson, T. F., and J. L. Vankat. 1998. Landscape structure and spread of the exotic shrub Lonicera maackii (amur honeysuckle) in southwestern Ohio forests. Am. Midl. Nat. 139:383–390.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Ingold, J. L., and M. J. Craycraft. 1983. Avian frugivory on honeysuckle (Lonicera) in southwestern Ohio in fall. Ohio J. Sci. 83:256–258.

    Google Scholar 

  • Jones, D. N. 1983. The suburban bird community of Townsville, a tropical city. Emu 83:12–18.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Kerley, G. I. H., A. McLachlan, and J. G. Castley. 1996. Diversity and dynamics of bushpockets in the Alexandria coastal dunefield, South Africa. Landscape Urban Plann. 34:255–266.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Knight, K. S. 1986. Fruit displays of indigenous and invasive alien plants in the southwestern Cape. S. Afr. J. Bot. 52:249–255.

    Google Scholar 

  • Knight, R. S., and I. A. W. MacDonald. 1991. Acacias and korhaans: an artificially assembled seed dispersal system. S. Afr. J. Bot. 57:220–225.

    Google Scholar 

  • Konstantinov, V. M. 1996. Anthropogenic transformations of bird communities in the forest zone of the Russian Plain. Acta Ornithologica 31:53–58.

    Google Scholar 

  • Kowarik I. 1995. Time lags in biological invasions with regard to the success and failture of alien species, p. 15–38. In Pyšek P, Prach K, Rejmánek M, and Wade M [eds], Plant invasion — general aspects and special problems. Academic Publishing, Amsterdam, the Netherlands.

    Google Scholar 

  • Kruger F. J., D. M. Richardson, and B. W. van Wilges. 1986. Processes of invasions by alien plants, p. 145–155. In I. A. W. MacDonald, F. J. Kruger, and A. A. Feuar [EDS.], The ecology and management of biological invasions in southern Africa. Oxford University Press, Cape Town, South Africa.

    Google Scholar 

  • La Rue, C. T. 1994. Birds of northern Black Mesa, Navajo County, Arizona. Great Basin Nat. 54:1–32.

    Google Scholar 

  • Lenz, M. 1990. The breeding bird communities of three Canberra suburbs. Emu 90:145–153.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Levin, P. A. 1970. Reinforcement of reproductive isolation: plants versus animals. Am. Nat. 104:571–581.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Lewin, V., and G. Lewin. 1984. The Kalij pheasant, a newly established game bird on the island of Hawaii. Wilson Bull. 96:634–646.

    Google Scholar 

  • Lloyd, D. G. 1980. Demographic factors and mating patterns in angiosperms, p.67–88. In Solbrig, O.T. [ED.], Demography and evolution in plant populations. The Alden Press, Oxford, Great Britain.

    Google Scholar 

  • Lonsdale, W. M., and Lane, A. M. 1994. Tourist vehicles as vectors of weed seeds in Kakadu National Park, Northern Australia. Biol. Conserv. 69:277–283.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Lynn, S., M. L. Morrison, A. J. Kuenzi, J. C. C. Neale, B. N. Sacks, R. Hamlin, and L. S. Hall. 1998. Bird use of riparian vegetation along the Truckee River, California and Nevada. Great Basin Nat. 58:328–343.

    Google Scholar 

  • MacDonald, I. A. W. 1986. Range expansion of the pied barbet and the spread of alien tree species in Southern Africa. Ostrich 57:75–94.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • MacLellan, C. R. 1958. Role of woodpeckers in control of the codling moth in Nova Scotia. Can. Entom. 90:18–22.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Major, R. E., G. Gowing, and C. E. Kendal. 1996. Nest predation in Australian urban environments and the role of the Pied Currawong. Aust. J. Ecol. 21:399–409.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Marzluff, J. M. 2001. Worldwide increase in urbanization and its effects on birds, p. 19–47. In J. M. Marzluff, R. Bowman, and R. Donnelly [EDS.], Avian ecology and conservation in an urbanizing world. Kluwer Academic, Norwell, MA.

    Chapter  Google Scholar 

  • Marzluff, John M., Kevin McGowan, Roarke Donnelly, and Richard Knight. 2001. Causes and consequences of expanding American Crow populations, p. 333–365. In J. M. Marzluff, R. Bowman, and R. Donnelly [EDS.], Avian ecology and conservation in an urbanizing world. Kluwer Academic, Norwell, MA.

    Chapter  Google Scholar 

  • Middlemiss, E. 1963. The distribution of Acacia cyclops in the Cape Peninsula area by birds and other animals. S. Afr. J. Sci. 59:419–420.

    Google Scholar 

  • Mills, G. S., J. B. Dunning Jr., and J. M. Bates. 1989. Effects of urbanization on breeding bird community structure in southwestern desert habitats. Condor 91:416–429.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Milton, S. J., W. R. J Dean, and S. Klotz. 1999. Thicket formation in abandoned fruit orchards: processes and implications for the conservation of semi-dry grasslands in central Germany. Biodiv. Conserv. 6:275–290.

    Google Scholar 

  • Mistrukova, L. M. 1998. Study of the ornithofauna of the urban and suburban green plantations in the central Cis Dnieper Forest Steppe of Ukraine. Vestnik Zoologii 32:107–113.

    Google Scholar 

  • Moody, M. E., and R. N. Mack. 1988. Controlling the spread of plant invasions: the importance of recent foci. J. Appl. Ecol. 25:1009–1021.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Morton, J. F. 1976. Pestiferous spread of many ornamental and fruit species in south Florida. Proc. Fl. State Hort. Soc. 89:348–358.

    Google Scholar 

  • Moulton, M. P. 1993. The all-or-none pattern in introduced Hawaiian passeriforms: the role of competition sustained. Am. Nat. 141:105–119.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Munyenyembe, F. J. Harris, J. Hone, and H. Nix. 1989. Determinants of bird populations in an urban area. Aust. J. Ecol. 14:549–559.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Nakamura, H., and Y. Miyazawa. 1999. Movements, space use and social organization of radio-tracked common cuckoos during the breeding season in Japan. Jap. J. Ornith. 46:23–54.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Neill, W. 1983. The tamarisk invasion of desert riparian areas. Educ. Bull. Desert Protective Council Vol., p. 83–84. Ed. Found. Desert Protective Council, Spring Valley, CA.

    Google Scholar 

  • Oatley, T. B. 1984. Exploitation of a new niche by the Rameron Pigeon Columba arquatrix in Natal, p.323–330. In J. Ledger [ED.], Proceedings of the Fifth Pan African Ornithological Congress. S. Afr. Ornith. Soc, Johannesburg, South Africa.

    Google Scholar 

  • Panetta, F. D., and J. McKee. 1999. Recruitment of the invasive ornamental, Schinus terebinthifolius, is dependent upon frugivores. Aust. J. Ecol. 22:432–438.

    Google Scholar 

  • Parker, I. M. 1999. Pollinator limitation of Cytisus scoparius (Scotch broom), an invasive exotic shrub. Ecology 78:1457–1470.

    Google Scholar 

  • Proctor, V. W. 1968. Long-distance dispersal of seeds by retention in the digestive tract of birds. Science 160:321–322.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Quiring, D. T., and P. R Timmins. 1988. Predation by American crows reduced overwintering European corn borer populations in southwestern Ontario. Can. J. Zool. 66:2143–2154.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Recher, H. F., and D. L. Serventy. 1991. Long term changes in the relative abundances of birds in Kings Park, Perth, Western Australia. Conserv. Biol. 5:90–102.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Reichard, S. 1999. Prevention of invasive plant introductions on national and local levels, p.215–219. In J. O. Luken and J. W. Thieret [EDS.], Assessment and management of plant invasions. Springer-Verlag, New York, NY.

    Google Scholar 

  • Richardson, D. M., and S. I. Higgins. 1998. Pines as invaders in the southern hemisphere, p.450–473. In D. M. Richardson [ED.], Ecology and biogeography of pines. Cambridge University Press, England.

    Google Scholar 

  • Ridley, H. N. 1933. The dispersal of plants throughout the world. Otto Koeltz Science Publishers, Koenigstein West Germany.

    Google Scholar 

  • Robertson, A. W., D. Kelly, J.J. Ladley, and A.D. Sparrow. 1999. Effects of pollinators on endemic New Zealand mistletoes (Loranthaceae). Conserv. Biol. 13:499–508.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Rolando, A., G. Maffei, C. Pulcher, and A. Giuso. 1999. Avian community structure along an urbanization gradient. Ital. J. Zool. 64:341–349.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Rottenborn, S. C. 1999. Predicting the impacts of urbanization on riparian bird communities. Biol. Conserv. 88:289–299.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Sallabanks, R. 1992. Fruit fate, frugivory, and fruit characteristics: a study of hawthorn, Crataegus monogyna (Rosaceae). Oecologia 91:296–304.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Sallabanks, R. 1993. Fruiting plant attractiveness to avian seed dispersers: native vs. invasive Crataegus in western Oregon. Madrono 40:108–116.

    Google Scholar 

  • Savard, Jean-Pierre, and J. Bruce Falls. 2001. Bird-habitat relationships of breeding birds in residential areas of Toronto, Canada, p. 543–568. In J. M. Marzluff, R. Bowman, and R. Donnelly [EDS.], Avian ecology and conservation in an urbanizing world. Kluwer Academic, Norwell, MA.

    Chapter  Google Scholar 

  • Schmidt, K. A., and C. J. Whelan. 1999. Effects of exotic Lonicera and Rhamnus on songbird nest predation. Conserv. Biol. 13:1502–1506.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Sewell, S. R., and C. P. Catterall. 1998. Bushland modification and styles of urban development: their effects on birds in south-east Queensland. Wildlife Res. 25:41–63.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Siegfried, W. R. 1968. Ecological composition of the avifaunal community in a Stellenbosch suburb. Ostrich 105–129.

    Google Scholar 

  • Smith, C. W. 1985. Impact of alien plants on Hawaii’s native biota, p.180–250. In C. P. Stone and J. M. Scott [EDS.], Hawaii’s terrestrial ecosystems: preservation and management. University of Hawaii, Honolulu.

    Google Scholar 

  • Solomon, M. E., D. M. Glen, D. A. Kendall, and N. F. Milsom. 1976. Predation of overwintering larvae of codling moth (Cydia poponella L.) by birds. J. Appl. Ecol. 13:341–352.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Sorensen, A. E. 1986. Seed dispersal by adhesion. Ann. Rev. Ecol. Syst. 17:443–63.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Southwood, T. R. E. 1961. The number of species of insect associated with various trees. J. Anim. Ecol. 30:1–8.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Stiles, E. W. 1982. Expansions of mockingbird and multiflora rose in the northeastern United States and Canada. Am. Birds 36:358–364.

    Google Scholar 

  • Stiles, E. W. 1989. Fruits, seeds, and dispersal agents. In W.G. Abrahamson [ED.], Plant-animal interactions. McGraw-Hill Book Co., NY.

    Google Scholar 

  • Sukopp, H., and P. Werner. 1983. Urban environment and vegetation, p.247–260. In W. Holzner, M. J. A. Werger and I. Ikisima [EDS.], Man’s impact on vegetation,. Dr. W. Junk Publishers, The Netherlands.

    Chapter  Google Scholar 

  • Thompson, J. N., and M. F. Willson. 1978. Disturbance and the dispersal of fleshy fruits. Science 200:1161–1163.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Tweit, R. C., and J. C. Tweit. 1986. Urban development effects on the abundance of some common resident birds of the Tucson area of Arizona. Am. Birds 40:431–436.

    Google Scholar 

  • Vale, T. R., and Vale, G. R. 1976. Suburban bird populations in west-central California. J. Biog. 3:157–165.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • van Ruremonde, R. H. A. C., and J. T. R. Kalkhoven. 1991. Effects of woodlot isolation on the dispersion of plants with fleshy fruits. J. Veg. Sci. 2:377–384.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Vilà, M., and C. M. D’Antonio. 1998. Fruit choice and seed dispersal of invasive and noninvasive Carpobrotus (Aizoaceae) in coastal California. Ecology 79:1053–1060.

    Google Scholar 

  • Vitousek, P. M., L. R. Walker, L. D. Whiteaker, D. Mueller-Dombois, and P. Matson. 1989. Biological invasion by Myrica faya alters ecosystem development in Hawaii. Science 238:802–804.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Vosshenrich, A., and H. Mattes. 1998. Avifauna in built-up areas of Muenster, NW Germany in winter 1995/96. Vogelwelt 119:311–321.

    Google Scholar 

  • Wagner, W. L., D. R. Herbst, and S. H. Sohmer. 1990. Manual of the flowering plants of Hawaii. University of Hawaii Press and Bishop Museum Press, Honolulu.

    Google Scholar 

  • Waterhouse, R. D. 1999. Some observations on the ecology of the rainbow lorikeet Trichoglossus haematodus in Oatley, South Sydney. Corella 21:17–24.

    Google Scholar 

  • Whelan, C. J., and M. L. Dilger. 1992. Invasive, exotic shrubs: a paradox for natural area managers. Nat. Areas J. 12:109–110.

    Google Scholar 

  • Whelan, C. J., and M. F. Willson. 1994. Fruit choice in migrating North American birds: field and aviary experiments. Oikos 71:137–151.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • White, D. W., and E. W. Stiles. 1992. Bird dispersal of fruits of species introduced into eastern North America. Can. J. Bot. 70:1689–1696.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Wilcove, D. S., D. Rothsteen, J. Dubow, A. Phillips, and E. Losos. 1998. Quantifying threats to imperiled species in the United States. BioSci. 48:607–615.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Williams, P. A., and B. J. Karl. 1996. Fleshy fruits of indigenous and adventitive plants in the diet of birds in forest remnants, Nelson, New Zealand. N.Z. J. Ecol. 20:127–145.

    Google Scholar 

  • Willson, M. F. 1986. Avian frugivory and seed dispersal in eastern North America, p.223–279. In R. F. Johnston [ED.], Current ornithology, Vol. 3. Plenum Press, New York, NY.

    Chapter  Google Scholar 

  • Winterbottom, J. M. 1970. The birds of the alien Acacia thickets of the south western Cape. Zool. Afr. 5:49–59.

    Google Scholar 

  • Witmer, M. C. 1996. Consequences of an alien shrub on the plumage coloration and ecology of cedar waxwings. Auk 113:735–743.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Witt, A. B. R., R. M. Little, T. M. Crowe. 1995. The effectiveness of helmeted guineafowl Numida meleagris (Linnaeus 1776) in controlling the banded fruit weevil Phlyctinus callosus (Schonherr 1826), and their impact on other invertebrates in apple orchards in Western Cape Province, South Africa. Agriculture, Ecosystems, and Environment 55:169–179.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Wolcott, C. F. 1974. Changes in bird life in Cambridge, Massachusetts from 1860 to 1964. Auk 91:151–160.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Wood, K. A. 1993. The avian population of an urban bushland reserve at Wollongong, New South Wales: implications for management. Landscape and Urban Plann. 23:81–95.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Zalewski, A. 1994. A comparative study of breeding bird populations and associated landscape character, Torum, Poland. Landscape and Urban Plann. 29:31–41.

    Article  Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Center for Urban Horticulture, University of Washington, Box 354115, Seattle, WA, 98195, USA

    Sarah Hayden Reichard, Linda Chalker-Scott & Solai Buchanan

Authors
  1. Sarah Hayden Reichard
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  2. Linda Chalker-Scott
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  3. Solai Buchanan
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

  1. College of Forest Resources, University of Washington, USA

    John M. Marzluff  & Roarke Donnelly  & 

  2. Archbold Biological Station, USA

    Reed Bowman

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 2001 Springer Science+Business Media New York

About this chapter

Cite this chapter

Reichard, S.H., Chalker-Scott, L., Buchanan, S. (2001). Interactions among non-native plants and birds. In: Marzluff, J.M., Bowman, R., Donnelly, R. (eds) Avian Ecology and Conservation in an Urbanizing World. Springer, Boston, MA. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4615-1531-9_9

Download citation

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4615-1531-9_9

  • Publisher Name: Springer, Boston, MA

  • Print ISBN: 978-1-4613-5600-4

  • Online ISBN: 978-1-4615-1531-9

  • eBook Packages: Springer Book Archive

Publish with us

Policies and ethics

Search

Navigation