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Mutagenicity and Carcinogenicity of Biological Reactive Intermediate’s Derived from a “Non-Genotoxic” Carcinogen

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Biological Reactive Intermediates VI

Part of the book series: Advances in Experimental Medicine and Biology ((AEMB,volume 500))

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Abstract

Hydroquinone (HQ) is used as a developer in the photographic industry, as an antioxidant in the rubber industry, and as an intermediate in the manufacturing of food antioxidants. HQ is also an important metabolite of benzene (12). HQ has been identified in relatively high concentrations in the smoke of unfiltered cigarettes (up to 155 μg per cigarette) (3) and was chosen for study by the National Cancer Institute because it is produced in large quantities, humans are frequently exposed to it, and there is little adequate carcinogenicity data on it (4). Smoking unfiltered cigarettes and long-term cigarette smoking (≥30 years) correlate with a high incidence of renal cell carcinoma in men (5-7). Although the basis for the increased incidence of renal tumors in cigarette smokers is not known, cigarette smoke contains high concentrations of oxidants and free radicals, the principal radical in the tar phase being the 1,4-benzoquinone/hydroquinone redox couple (8).

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Center for Molecular and Cellular Toxicology, Division of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas, 78712-1074, USA

    Serrine S. Lau, Hae-Seong Yoon & Sonal K. Patel

  2. Chemical Industry Institute for Toxicology, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina, 27709-2233, USA

    Jeffrey I. Everitt

  3. Science Park — Research Division, The University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Smithville, Texas, 78957, USA

    Cheryl L. Walker & Terrence J. Monks

Authors
  1. Serrine S. Lau
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  2. Hae-Seong Yoon
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  3. Sonal K. Patel
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  4. Jeffrey I. Everitt
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  5. Cheryl L. Walker
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  6. Terrence J. Monks
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Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

  1. Université René Descartes, Paris, France

    Patrick M. Dansette

  2. Rutgers University and The Environmental & Occupational Health Sciences Institute, Piscataway, New Jersey, USA

    Robert Snyder

  3. CNRS, Paris, France

    Marcel Delaforge

  4. University of Surrey, Guildford, Surrey, England

    G. Gordon Gibson

  5. Institute of Toxicology and Environmental Health, The Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany

    Helmut Greim

  6. Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina, USA

    David J. Jollow

  7. University of Texas, Austin, Texas, USA

    Terrence J. Monks

  8. University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona, USA

    I. Glenn Sipes

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Lau, S.S., Yoon, HS., Patel, S.K., Everitt, J.I., Walker, C.L., Monks, T.J. (2001). Mutagenicity and Carcinogenicity of Biological Reactive Intermediate’s Derived from a “Non-Genotoxic” Carcinogen. In: Dansette, P.M., et al. Biological Reactive Intermediates VI. Advances in Experimental Medicine and Biology, vol 500. Springer, Boston, MA. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4615-0667-6_9

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