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The Potential of Nanoemulsions in Biomedicine

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Book cover Fundamentals of Pharmaceutical Nanoscience

Abstract

Nanoemulsions are nano-sized oil-in-water or water-in-oil emulsions with a number of applications in biomedicine. Nanoemulsions are highly versatile systems, in terms of composition and physicochemical properties, which can be tailor-made using simple and mild technologies to associate a great variety of drugs and fulfil the requirements for a wide range of pharmaceutical applications. This chapter aims to provide the reader with an overview on compositions and manufacturing methodologies and covers the most recent applications that have been reported in the field of drug delivery.

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Abbreviations

BCS:

Biopharmaceutical classification system

CFC:

Chlorofluorocarbon

CPI:

Catastrophic phase inversion

GRAS:

Generally Recognised As Safe by United States’ Food and Drug Administration agency

HAMPA 1:

Azobenzene substituted poly(sodium acrylate)

HIV:

Human immunodeficiency virus

HLB:

Hydrophilic–lipophilic balance

LCT:

Long chain triglycerides

LSW:

Lifshitz-Slezov-Wagner

MCT:

Medium chain triglycerides

NIRF:

Near-Infrared Fluorescent (Imaging)

O/W nanoemulsion:

Oil-in-water nanoemulsion

PARG:

Polyarginine

PCL:

Poly(ε-caprolactone)

PCL-PEG:

Poly(ε-caprolactone)-poly(ethylene oxide)

PEG:

Poly(ethylene glycol)

PELC:

Poly(ethylene oxide)-block-poly(lactide-co-ε-caprolactone)

PIC:

Phase inversion composition

PIT:

Phase inversion temperature

PLA:

Poly(lactic acid)

PLA-PEG:

Poly(lactic acid)-poly(ethylene oxide)

PLGA:

Poly(lactic-co-glycolic) acid

PLGA-PEG:

Poly(lactic-co-glycolic)-poly(ethylene oxide)

S:O ratio:

Surfactant-to-oil ratio

SANS:

Small Angle Neutron Scattering

SAXS:

Small Angle X-ray Scattering

SEM:

Scanning Electron Microscopy

Smix:

Mixing ratio of surfactant and co-surfactant

TEM:

Transmission Electron Microscopy

W/O nanoemulsion:

Water-in-oil nanoemulsion

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Centre for Regenerative Medicine, Institute of Inflammation and Repair, Faculty of Medical and Human Science, University of Manchester, A.V Hill Building, Oxford Road, Manchester, M13 9PT, London, UK

    M. Mazza

  2. Lipopharma Therapeutics S.L., Palma de Mallorca, Spain

    M. Alonso-Sande

  3. Pharmacy, Pharmacology, Therapeutics Section, School of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, College of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham, UK

    M.-C. Jones

  4. Translational Medical Oncology Group, Health Research Institute of Santiago de Compostela (IDIS) Clinical University Hospital/SERGAS, Santiago de Compostela, Spain

    M. de la Fuente

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  1. M. Mazza
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  4. M. de la Fuente
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Editors and Affiliations

  1. UCL School of Pharmacy, University College London, London, United Kingdom

    Ijeoma F. Uchegbu

  2. UCL School of Pharmacy, University College London, London, United Kingdom

    Andreas G. Schätzlein

  3. Bexleyheath, United Kingdom

    Woei Ping Cheng

  4. School of Pharmacy & Biomedical Sciences, University of Portsmouth, Portsmouth, United Kingdom

    Aikaterini Lalatsa

Glossary

Capmul® MCM-C8 

Glyceryl monocaprylate

CapryolTM 90 

Propylene glycol monocaprylate (type II)

Cremophor® WO7 (BASF Corp) 

Pegylated hydrogenated castor oil manufactured by reacting 1 mol of the oil with 7 mol of ethylene oxide

Cremophor® EL (BASF Corp) 

Pegylated hydrogenated castor oil manufactured by reacting 1 mol of the oil with 35 mol of ethylene oxide. Now known as Kolliphor EL®

Gelucire® 

Glycerides and esters of polyethylene glycol

Miglyol® 812 

Caprylic/capric triglyceride

NIRF imaging 

Near-Infrared Fluorescent Imaging

Solutol® HS 15 

2-Hydroxyethyl 12-hydroxyoctadecanoate. Now known as Kolliphor® HS 15

SpanTM 20 

Sorbitan laurate

SpanTM 85 

Sorbitan trioleate

Sylibin 

2-[2R,3R-dihydro-3-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)-2-(hydroxymethyl)-1,4-benzodioxin-6-yl]-2R,3R-dihydro-3,5,7-trihydroxy-4H-1-benzopyran-4-one

Sylimarin 

A mixture of flavolignans rich in Silybin with hepatoprotectant properties

Tween® 20 

Polyoxyethylene(20) sorbitan monolaurate

Tween® 80 

Polyoxyethylene(20) sorbitan monooleate

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Mazza, M., Alonso-Sande, M., Jones, MC., de la Fuente, M. (2013). The Potential of Nanoemulsions in Biomedicine. In: Uchegbu, I., Schätzlein, A., Cheng, W., Lalatsa, A. (eds) Fundamentals of Pharmaceutical Nanoscience. Springer, New York, NY. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4614-9164-4_6

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