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Conserving Tropical Leguminous Food Crops

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Conservation of Tropical Plant Species

Abstract

The chapter gives an account on the origin, centers of diversity, distribution, and uses of 11 major and 10 minor economic important tropical food legumes. It reports on the results of a comprehensive assessment on the current status of the conservation of the genetic resources of these crops. The study found that over one million accessions of the germplasm of these crops are presently being conserved in hundreds of genebanks globally. The largest collection is soybean with 230,026 accessions, followed by common bean (184,814), groundnut (128,435), chickpea (98,313), pea (94,001), cowpea (61,340), lentil (58,405), broadbean (43,695), mung bean (41,944), pigeon pea (40,509), and lima bean (13,991). The diversity of these major important crops appeared to have been relatively well preserved. It has not been the case for the minor ones, as their collection is small. Black gram only has 7,435 accessions; Bambara groundnut 5,609, lablab bean 5,520, rice bean 4,815, scarlet runner bean 4,813, winged bean 4,696, moth bean 3,811, yard-long bean 2,098, runner bean 934, tepary bean 865, Jack bean 800, tamarind 642, African yam bean 207, sword bean 171, catjan bean <80, creole bean <40 and kersting’s groundnut <40 accessions. Similarly, the diversity of the wild relatives of all food legumes is not very well collected and preserved. It is recommended that further research for enhancing the use of food legumes should be promoted and plant collecting expeditions for the wild relatives of all food legumes, and the traditional cultivars of the minor species should be conducted.

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Acknowledgement

Many individuals whose names are too numerous to acknowledge had responded positively to the request by the author for information and assistance in clarifying matters related to genebank holdings and others. Specific thank goes to the staff of the IITA Genebank, the national focal points and stakeholders of the NISM-GPA project in many Asian countries for their support, enthusiasm in conserving genetic resource, and willingness in sharing information

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Seri Alam Plantation SDN. BHD, Lot 57897, Jln Bulit Kemuning, Batu 6, Shah Alam, Selangor, 40470, Malaysia

    N. Quat Ng

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  1. N. Quat Ng
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Correspondence to N. Quat Ng .

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

  1. , Institute of Systems Biology, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, n/a, UKM Bangi, Selangor, 43600, Malaysia

    M.N. Normah

  2. Universiti Putra Malaysia, Department of Crop Science, Emeritus Professor, UPM, Serdang, Selangor, 43600, Malaysia

    H.F. Chin

  3. USDA-ARS, National Clonal Germplasm Repository, Research Plant Physiologist, Peoria Rd 33447, CORVALLIS, 97333-2521, Oregon, USA

    Barbara M. Reed

Appendix 1. Acronyms for Names of Institutes, Genebanks and Terms Used in the Food Legume Chapter

Appendix 1. Acronyms for Names of Institutes, Genebanks and Terms Used in the Food Legume Chapter

Acronym

Name, country

AARI

Plant Genetic Resources Department, Izmir, Turkey

AICRP-Mullarp

All India Coordinated Research Project on Mullarp, India

AISLJ

Crops and Seed Production Department, Agricultural Institute of Slovenia, Slovenia

AMFO

G.I.E. Amelioration Fourragere, France

AMGRC

Australian Medicago Genetic Resources Centre, South Australian Research and Development Institute, Australia

ATCFC

Australian Tropical Crops and Forage Genetic Resources Centre, Australia

ATFCC

Australian Template Filed Crops Collection, Horsham Victoria, Australia

AUSPGRIS

Australian Plant Genetic Resource Information Service

AVRDC

Asian Vegetable Research and Development Center (also known as World Vegetable Center), Shanhua, Taiwan

BARI

Plant Genetic Resources Centre, BARI, Bangladesh

BBC-INTA

Banco Base de Germoplasm, Instituto de Recursos Biologicos, Instituto Nacional de Tecnologia Agropecuria, Hurlingham, Argentina

BCA

Bunda College of Agriculture, Lilongwe, Malawi

BNGTRA-PROINPA

FundaciĂłn para la PromociĂłn e InvestigaciĂłn de Productos Andinos, Bolivia

CATIE

Centro Agronómico Tropical de Investigación y Enseñanza, Costa Rica

CENARGEN_Em

Embrapa Recursos Geneticos e Biotecnologia, Brazil

CENARGEN_Green

Greenhouse Collection, Embrapa Recursos Genéticos e Biotecnologia, Brazil

CGIAR

Consultative Group on International Agricultural Research, Washington, DC, USA

CGN

Centre for Genetic Resources, the Netherlands Plant Research International, Wageningen, Netherlands

CIAT

Centro Internacional de Agricultura Tropical, Cali, Colombia

CIFP

Centro de Investigaciones Fitoecogeneticas de Pairumani, Cochbamba, Bolivia

CNPH

Embrapa Hortalicas, Brasilia, Brazil

CNPSO

Embrapa Soja, Londrina, Brazil

CNSF

Centre National de Semences Forestieres, Burkina Faso

CORPOICA

Centro de InvestigaciĂłn La Selva, CorporaciĂłn Colombiana de InvestigaciĂłn Agropecuaria, Colombia

CPBBD

Central Plant Breeding and Biotechnology Division, Nepal Agricultural Research Council, Nepal

CRAF

Centre de Recherches Environnementale, Agricole et de Formation de Kamboinse, Burkina Faso

CSIRO

Indigenous Crop Relatives Collection, Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organization, Australia

CTPRSC-DA/Th

Chaiyapoom Technical and Production Resources Service Center, Thailand

CUNSUROC-USAC

Centro Universitario de Sur Occidente, Universidad de San Carlos, Guatemela

DAR

Department of Agricultural Research, Ministry of Agriculture, Botawana

DENAREF

Departmento Nacional de Recursos Fitogeneticos y Biotecnologia, Ecuador

DGCB-UM

Department of Genetics and Cellular Biology, University Malaysia, Malaysia

DLEG

Desert Legume Program, Tucson, Arizona, USA

DOA

Department of Agriculture, Papua New Guinea University of Technology, Papua New Guinea

ECPFSS

EstaciĂłn Central de Pastos y Forrajes de Sancti Spiritus, Cuba

EEF-UCR

Estación Experimental Fraijanes – Universidad de Costa Rica, Costa Rica

EURISCO

European Network of Ex-Situ National Inventories, Rome, Italy

FCA-UNSM

Facultad de Ciencias Agrarias, Universidad Nacional de San MartĂ­n, Peru

FCRI-DA/TH

Field Crop Research Institute, Department of Agriculture, Thailand

GPA

Global Plan of Action

GRIN-CA

Germplasm Resources Information Network-Canadian Version, Canada

HBBRMAI

National Botanical Garden of Belgium, Belgium

IAPAR

Area de Documentacao, Instituto Agronomico do Parana, Brazil

IBC

Institute of Biodiversity Conservation, Adis Ababa, Ethiopia

IBPGR

International Board for Plant Genetic Resources, FAO (the predecessor of IPGRI and Bioversity International)

ICA/REGION 1

CorporaciĂłn Colombiana de InvestigaciĂłn Agropecuaria Tibaitata, CORPOICA, Colombia

ICABIOGRAD

Indonesian Center for Agricultural Biotechnology and Genetic Resources Research and Development, Bogor, Indonesia

ICARDA

International Centre for Agricultural Research in Dry Areas (CGIAR), Aleppo, Syrian Arab Republic

ICGR-CAAS

Institute of Crop Germplasm Resources, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China

ICRISAT

International Crop Research Institute for the Semi-Arid Tropics (CGIAR), Patancheru, India

IDI

The International Dambala (Winged Bean) Institute, Sri Lanka

IFVCNS

Institute for Field and Vegetable Crops, Novi Sad, Serbia

IGFRI

Indian Grassland and Fodder Research Institute, India

IGV

Istituto di Genetica Vegetale, Consiglio Nazionale delle Richerche, Italy

IITA

International Institute of Tropical Agriculture (CGIAR), Ibadan, Nigeria

ILRI

International Livestock Centre for Africa (CGIAR), Addis Ababa, Ethiopia

INIA CARI

Centro Regional de Investigacion INIA Carillanca, Temuco, Chile

INIA-CENIP

INIA – Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Agropecuarias, Venezuela

INIA-Iguala

Estacion de Iguala, Instituto Nacional de Investigaciones Agricolas, Iguala, Mexico

INIFAP

Instituto Nacional de Investigacioes Forestales, Agricolas y Pecuarias, Mexico

INRA-MONTPEL

Genetics and Plant Breeding Station, ESRA-INAR SGAP, France

INRA-RENNES

Station d’Amelioration des Plantes, INRA, France

INRA-VERSAIL

Station de Genetique/Amelioration des Plantes, INRA, Versailles Cedex, France

IPGR

Institute for Plant Genetic Resources “K. Malkov”, Sadovo, Bulgaria

IPGRI

International Plant Genetic Resource Institute (predecessor of Bioversity International), Rome, Italy

IPK

Genebank, Leibniz Institute of Plant Genetics and Crop Plant Research, Germany

IR

Institute of Plant Production n.a. V.Y. Yurjev of UAAS, Ukraine

IREGEP

Instituto de Recursos Genéticos y Productividad, Colegio de Postgraduados, Mexico

ISRA

Institut Sénégalais de Recherches Agricoles, Senegal

IGV

Istituto di Genetic Vegetale, Consiglio Nazionale delle Richerche, Bari, Italy

KARI-NGBK

National Genebank of Kenya, Crop Plant Genetic Resources Centre – Muguga Kenya

LBEV

Laboratoire de Botanique et Ecologie Végétale, Togo

LBN

National Biological Institute, Bogor, Indonesia

MRS

Msekera Research Station, Chipata, Zambia

NARC

National Horticultural Research Centre, Thika, Kenya

NBPGR_Delhi

National Bureau of Plant Genetic Resources. New Delhi, India

NBPGR_Jodhpur

Regional Station Jodhpur, NBPGR, India

NBPGR_Thrissur

Regional Station Thrissur, NBPGR, India

NIAS

National Institute of Agrobiological Sciences, Tsukuba-shi, Japan

NISM-GPA

National Information Sharing Mechanism on the Implementation of the Global Plan of Action for the Conservation and Sustainable Use of PGRFA, FAO, Rome, Italy

NKTPRS-DA/TH

Nong Kai Technical and Production Service Center, Thailand

NORDGEN

Nordic Genetic Resource Center, Alnarp, Sweden

NPGBI-SPII

National Plant Genebank of Iran, Seed and Plant Improvement Institute, Iran, Islamic Rep. of

NPGRC

National Plant Genetic Resources Centre, Tanzania

NPGRL/IBP-UPLB

National Plant Genetic Resources Laboratory, Institute of Plant Breeding, University of the Philippines Los Banos, Philippines

ORSTOM-MONT

Laboratoire des Ressources Génétiques et Amélioration des Plantes Tropicales, ORSTOM, France

PGRC

Plant Gene Resources of Canada, Saskatoon Research Centre, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Canada

PGRFA

Plant Genetic Resource for Food and Agriculture

PGRI

Plant Genetic Resources Institute, Islamabad, Pakistan

PGRRI

Plant Genetic Resources Research Institute, Ghana

PRC

Plant Resource Centre, Vietnam

PREPSC

Division of Plant and Seed Control, Department of Agriculture, Technical Service, South Africa

PTPRSC-DA/TH

Phetchaburi Technical and Production Resources Service Center, Thailand

Puslitkaret

Indonesian Rubber Research Institute, Indonesia

RAS PGRC

RSA, Plant Genetic Resources Centre, South Africa

RBG

Millennium Seed Bank, Royal Botanical Gardens, Kew, Wakehurst, U.K.

RCA

Institute for Agrobotany, Tapioszele, Hungary

RDAGB-GRD

Genetic Resources Division, National Institute of Agricultural Biotechnology, Rural Development Administration, Suweon, Republic of Korea

S9/USDA

Southern Regional Plant Introduction Station, U. Georgia, USDA-ARS, Griffin, USA

SAARI

Serere Agriculture and Animal Production Research Institute, Uganda

SASA

Science and Advice for Scottish Agriculture, Scottish Government, U.K.

SCARPP

Scientific Center of Agriculture and Plant Protection, Armenia

SGRC

SADC Plant Genetic Resources Centre, Zambia

SHRWIAT, Poland

Plant Breeding Station, Wiatrowo, Poland

SINGER

System-wide Information Network on Genetic Resources, CGIAR, Rome, Italy

SKV

Plant Genetic Resources Laboratory, Research Institute of Vegetable Crops, Poland

SOFRI

Southern Fruit Research Institute, Vietnam

SOY

Soybean Germplasm Collection, USDA-ARS, Urbana, USA

SoWPGR2

The second report on the state of the world’s PGRFA, FAO, Rome, Italy

SUMPERK

Agritec, Research, Breeding and Services Ltd., Sumperk, Czech Republic

TARI

Taiwan Agricultural Research Institute, Taichung, Taiwan

TISTR

Thailand Institute of Scientific and Technological Research, Thailand

TPOPIC

Institute of Tropical and Subtropical Agriculture, Czech University of Agriculture, Czech Republic

UACH

Banco Nacional de Germoplasma Vegetal, Departamento de Fitotecnia, Universidad AutĂłnoma de Chapingo, Mexico

UC-ICN

Instituto de Ciencias Naturales, Ecuador

UFCG

Universidade Federal de Campina Grande, Brazil

UNA

Programa de InvestigaciĂłn en Hortalizas, Universidad Nacional Agraria La Molina, Peru

UNALM

Universidad Nacional Agraria La Molina, Peru

UNHEVAL

Universidad Nacional Hermilio Abad del Cusco, Centro K’Ayra, Peru

UPM-BGV

Comunidad de Madrid, Universidad Politecnica de Madrid, Escuela Techica Superior de Ingenieros Agronomos, Banco de Germoplasma, Spain

USDA-GRIN

Germplasm Resources Information Network, United States Department of Agriculture, USA

UzRIPI

Uzbek Research Institute of Plant Industry, Uzbekistan

VIR

N.I. Vavilov All-Russian Scientific Research Institute of Plant Industry, St. Petersburg, Russia

W6/USDA

Western Regional Plant Introduction Station, USDA-ARS Washington State University, USA

WIEWS

FAO World Information and Early Warning System on Plant Genetic Resources, FAO, Rome, Italy

ZARI

Zambia Agriculture Research Institute, Zambia

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Ng, N.Q. (2013). Conserving Tropical Leguminous Food Crops. In: Normah, M., Chin, H., Reed, B. (eds) Conservation of Tropical Plant Species. Springer, New York, NY. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4614-3776-5_11

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