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The Cognitive Neuroscience of True and False Memories

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True and False Recovered Memories

Part of the book series: Nebraska Symposium on Motivation ((NSM,volume 58))

Abstract

Of central relevance to the recovered/false memory debate is understanding the factors that cause us to believe that a mental experience is a memory of an actual past experience. According to the source monitoring framework (SMF), memories are attributions that we make about our mental experiences based on their subjective qualities, our prior knowledge and beliefs, our motives and goals, and the social context. From this perspective, we discuss cognitive behavioral studies using both objective (e.g., recognition, source memory) and subjective (e.g., ratings of memory characteristics) measures that provide much information about the encoding, revival and monitoring processes that yield both true and false memories. The chapter also considers how neuroimaging findings, especially from functional magnetic resonance imaging studies, are contributing to our understanding of the relation between memory and reality.

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Notes

  1. 1.

    Note that there were differences among professional groups in the level of endorsement of memory recovery work. In general, the psychiatrists were most likely to endorse the idea of memory fallibility and social workers the least likely. The reverse was true for endorsing the validity of recovered memories, with social workers being most likely to believe in the validity of such memories and psychiatrist the most skeptical. Respondents were also asked to indicate which, of a list of 13 memory recovery techniques, they either use or suggest clients use to “help them remember childhood events”. Social workers and psychologists endorsed more of these techniques (M’s  =  3) than did psychiatrists (M  =  2), and they also rejected fewer as totally inappropriate (M’s: social workers  =  1, psychologists  =  2) than did psychiatrists (M  =  4).

  2. 2.

    rTMS is a non-invasive method for stimulating specific clusters of neurons; it can serve as a temporary virtual “knockout” to investigate the causal role of particular brain areas, as described here.

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  1. Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA

    Marcia K. Johnson, Carol L. Raye, Karen J. Mitchell & Elizabeth Ankudowich

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    Robert F. Belli

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Johnson, M.K., Raye, C.L., Mitchell, K.J., Ankudowich, E. (2012). The Cognitive Neuroscience of True and False Memories. In: Belli, R. (eds) True and False Recovered Memories. Nebraska Symposium on Motivation, vol 58. Springer, New York, NY. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4614-1195-6_2

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