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The Organization of Human Arm Trajectory Control

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Multiple Muscle Systems

Abstract

Traditionally, studies of human and animal movements have focused on systems composed of a single muscle, or a single joint. However, most natural human actions such as reaching, walking, writing, etc., require coordination among a large number of muscles and joints. Although the excess degrees of freedom problem, also known as Bernstein’s problem (Bernstein, 1967), arises even in the context of single-joint movements, it becomes especially complicated to resolve in the multi-joint case.

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Authors
  1. Tamar Flash
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Editors and Affiliations

  1. College of Engineering and Applied Sciences Department of Chemical, Bio., and Materials Engineering, Arizona State University, 85287-6006, Tempe, Arizona, USA

    Jack M. Winters

  2. Department of Surgery Division of Orthopedics and Rehabilitation, University of California at San Diego School of Medicine, 92093, La Jolla, California, USA

    Savio L-Y. Woo

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© 1990 Springer-Verlag, New York

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Flash, T. (1990). The Organization of Human Arm Trajectory Control. In: Winters, J.M., Woo, S.LY. (eds) Multiple Muscle Systems. Springer, New York, NY. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4613-9030-5_17

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4613-9030-5_17

  • Publisher Name: Springer, New York, NY

  • Print ISBN: 978-1-4613-9032-9

  • Online ISBN: 978-1-4613-9030-5

  • eBook Packages: Springer Book Archive

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