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The Microvascular Endothelium Revisited

  • Chapter
Endothelial Cell Biology in Health and Disease

Abstract

The starting premise of a review written nine years ago (Palade et al.56) was that the vascular endothelium is a simple squamous, highly attenuated epithelium differentiated to permit large-scale exchanges of micro- and macromolecules between the blood plasma and the interstitial fluid of higher, multicellular organisms. In general terms, this differentiation is expressed by (1) a remarkable attenuation of the constituent cells (to < 0.3 µm for extensive parts of their cell bodies), (2) junctional complexes simplified to occluding and adhering zonules, and (3) a large population of vesicles, ~ 70 nm in diameter, referred to as caveolae or plasmalemmal vesicles associated, as the name implies, with the plasmalemma on both the luminal and abluminal front of the cells. At that time it was already well established that additional, structural elements regularly appear as expression of further differentiation in specific microvascular beds. The fenestrae, for instance, were known to be circular openings — 60 nm in diameter, most of them apertured, present within the attenuated cytoplasm of the endothelium of capillary and postcapillary venules in the microvascular beds of different mucosae and of exocrine and endocrine glands. Still another characteristic feature was the presence of large (> 100 nm) fenestrae without diaphragms in a restricted but physiologically important capillary bed, that of renal glomerular capillaries, and finally the existence of larger, aperture-free, relatively irregular discontinuities or lacunae, in the endothelium lining the sinusoids of the liver and bone marrow.78

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  1. Department of Cell Biology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Heaven, Connecticut, 06510, USA

    G. E. Palade

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Palade, G.E. (1988). The Microvascular Endothelium Revisited. In: Simionescu, N., Simionescu, M. (eds) Endothelial Cell Biology in Health and Disease. Springer, Boston, MA. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4613-0937-6_1

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