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Escherichia coli Repressor Proteins

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Molecular Biology of Chromosome Function

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Abstract

Genetic regulation is an essential function in all living organisms. In prokaryotes genetic control provides responsivity to a constantly changing external milieu, and bacterial systems have proved extremely valuable in elucidating the variety of potential mechanisms. Both positive and negative strategies exist for transcriptional control; this format for regulation at the initiation of mRNA synthesis allows maximum conservation of cellular energy. Positive control over a wide range of systems in E. coli is exerted by catabolite repression mediated by the CAP-cAMP system. Negative control in bacteria involves a series of repressor proteins, each specific for a particular pathway. Several of these systems and the details of their mechanisms of action will be discussed in this chapter.* The basic regulatory scheme involves the interaction of a repressor protein with its target DNA sequence in an inducibile or repressible manner (Fig. 6.1). Inducible mechanisms generally govern catabolic pathways where expression is necessary only in the presence of substrate. These genes are turned “off” through a repressor proteinoperator DNA interaction which interferes with transcription initiation by RNA polymerase. Derepression or induction is accomplished through destabilization of the repressor-operator complex upon binding of substrate, or a closely related inducer molecule, to the repressor protein. In contrast, repressible mechanisms most.often apply to biosynthetic pathways where gene expression is modulated by levels of the end product. To avoid overaccumulation, repression is established when the end product or related compound, acting as corepressor, binds to and activates an aporepressor protein. The resulting complex recognizes its cognate DNA sequence and thereby blocks transcription initiation.

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Authors
  1. Kyle L. Wick
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  2. Kathleen S. Matthews
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Editors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Biochemistry, University of Minnesota Medical School, Minneapolis, MN, 55455, USA

    Kenneth W. Adolph

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© 1989 Springer-Verlag New York Inc.

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Wick, K.L., Matthews, K.S. (1989). Escherichia coli Repressor Proteins. In: Adolph, K.W. (eds) Molecular Biology of Chromosome Function. Springer, New York, NY. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4612-3652-8_6

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4612-3652-8_6

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