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Bilateral Communication Between the Endocrine and Immune Systems pp 96–144Cite as

Hormonal Interactions Between the Pituitary and Immune Systems

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Part of the book series: Endocrinology and Metabolism ((EAM,volume 7))

Abstract

The first observations that neurohormonal factors influence lymphoid organs were made by pathologists at the beginning of the twentieth century. It was noted that the thymus frequently involutes under the influence of environmental or emotional factors and that hormonal changes such as castration, Graves’ disease, Addison’s disease, and acromegaly may be associated with thymic hyperplasia.1 In 1930, Smith first demonstrated experimentally the role of the pituitary gland in thymic growth.2 He observed that in hypophysectomized rats the thymus regressed in weight to less than half that of control animals, whereas the thymus of partially hypophysectomized animals did not show accelerated involution. The profound influence of steroid hormones on lymphoid tissue was first shown by Selye in 1936.3 He found that in rats a variety of noxious stimuli that produce a so-called alarm reaction also cause an acute involution of the thymus and other lymphoid organs in intact, but not in adrenalectomized animals. Furthermore, thymic atrophy could readily be induced in rats by adrenocortical extracts.4 Selye also established that steroid hormones had a similar influence on the bursa of Fabricius in birds.5 These initial observations inspired numerous studies on the effect of hormones on lymphoid tissue.

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  1. Istvan Berczi
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  1. Department of Biology, Xavier University, USA

    Charles J. Grossman Ph.D.

  2. Research Service Veterans Affairs Medical Center, 45220, Cincinnatti, OH, USA

    Charles J. Grossman Ph.D.

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Berczi, I. (1994). Hormonal Interactions Between the Pituitary and Immune Systems. In: Grossman, C.J. (eds) Bilateral Communication Between the Endocrine and Immune Systems. Endocrinology and Metabolism, vol 7. Springer, New York, NY. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4612-2616-1_6

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