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Adipocyte Development and Experimental Obesity

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Obesity Before Birth

Part of the book series: Endocrine Updates ((ENDO,volume 30))

Abstract

Abstract Adipose tissue is not only an energy storage depot but also a dynamic endocrine organ that secretes important mediators of systemic metabolism and inflammation. This chapter provides an overview of the developmental, molecular, and physiological mechanisms that regulate adipose tissue growth and function. We then present evidence for disruptions in adipocyte development, lipolysis, lipogenesis, and hormonal signaling in the context of developmentally programmed obesity. Low birth weight (LBW) individuals have abnormal adipose tissue distribution, defects in the regulation of lipolysis, and alterations in several hormonal axes involved in adipocyte physiology. Adipose tissue development is particularly perturbed in LBW infants with accelerated postnatal growth, or “catch-up growth.” Data from a variety of experimental models of programmed obesity have identified mechanisms contributing to several of these alterations. However, the pathophysiology of LBW-associated obesity remains incompletely elucidated, particularly with regard to the role of mesenchymal stem cell commitment to adipocyte fate and epigenetic regulation of adipose tissue development and function.

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Acknowledgments

We gratefully acknowledge research grant support from the American Diabetes Association (research grant and mentored postdoctoral fellowship awards to MEP and EI), the Graetz Foundation (to MEP), the Lawson-Wilkins Pediatric Endocrine Society (to EI), and Canadian Institutes of Health Research (to EI).

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  1. Division of Cellular and Molecular Physiology, Joslin Diabetes Center Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA

    Elvira Isganaitis & Mary-Elizabeth Patti

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  1. Elvira Isganaitis
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Correspondence to Elvira Isganaitis .

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  1. Director, Weight Assessment for Teen and, Division of Endocrinology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, 94143, USA

    Robert H Lustig

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Isganaitis, E., Patti, ME. (2011). Adipocyte Development and Experimental Obesity. In: Lustig, R. (eds) Obesity Before Birth. Endocrine Updates, vol 30. Springer, Boston, MA. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4419-7034-3_16

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