Skip to main content

Social Responsiveness Scale

  • Reference work entry

Synonyms

SRS

Abbreviations

AUC:

Area under curve

ADHD:

Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder

ADI-r:

Autism diagnostic interview-revised

ADOS:

Autism diagnostic observation scale

ASD:

Autism spectrum disorder

BPVS:

British picture vocabulary scale

CBCL:

Child behavior checklist

CCC:

Children’s communication checklist

OCD:

Obsessive compulsive disorder

PDD-NOS:

Pervasive developmental disorders-not otherwise specified

ROC:

Receiver operating characteristics

SCDC:

Social and communication disorders checklist

SCQ:

Social communication questionnaire

VABS:

Vineland adaptive behavior scales

Description

The Social Responsiveness Scale (SRS) is a 65-item rating scale that measures the severity of autistic symptomatology as a quantitative trait, among children clinically affected by autism spectrum conditions as well as among children in the general population. It is particularly useful for characterizing milder autistic syndromes that lie at the boundary between the normal population...

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution.

Buying options

Chapter
USD   29.95
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
eBook
USD   1,799.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as EPUB and PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Learn about institutional subscriptions

References and Readings

Suggested Reading

  • Achenbach, T. M., & Ruffle, T. M. (2000). The child behavior checklist and related forms for assessing behavioral/emotional problems and competencies. Pediatric Review, 21(8), 265–271.

    Google Scholar 

  • Assaf, M., Jagannathan, K., Calhoun, V. D., Miller, L., Stevens, M. C., Sahl, R., et al. (2010). Abnormal functional connectivity of default mode sub-networks in autism spectrum disorder patients. NeuroImage, 53(1), 247–256.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Bishop, D. V. (1998). Development of the children’s communication checklist (CCC): A method for assessing qualitative aspects of communicative impairment in children. Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 39(6), 879–891.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Bolte, S., Dziobek, I., & Poustka, F. (2009). Brief report: The level and nature of autistic intelligence revisited. Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders, 39(4), 678–682.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Bolte, S., Poustka, F., & Constantino, J. N. (2008). Assessing autistic traits: Cross-cultural validation of the social responsiveness scale (SRS). Autism Research, 1(6), 354–363.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Bolte, S., Westerwald, E., Holtmann, M., Freitag, C., & Poustka, F. (2011). Autistic traits and autism spectrum disorders: The clinical validity of two measures presuming a continuum of social communication skills. Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders, 41(1), 66–72.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Campbell, D. T., & Fiske, D. W. (1959). Convergent and discriminant validation by the multitrait-multimethod matrix. Psychological Bulletin, 56(2), 81–105.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Campbell, D. B., Warren, D., Sutcliffe, J. S., Lee, E. B., & Levitt, P. (2010). Association of MET with social and communication phenotypes in individuals with autism spectrum disorder. American Journal of Medical Genetics Part B: Neuropsychiatrics Genetics, 153B(2), 438–446.

    Google Scholar 

  • Charman, T., Baird, G., Simonoff, E., Loucas, T., Chandler, S., Meldrum, D., et al. (2007). Efficacy of three screening instruments in the identification of autistic-spectrum disorders. The British Journal of Psychiatry, 191, 554–559.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Constantino, J. N. (2011). The quantitative nature of autistic social impairment. Pediatric Research, 69(5Pt2), 55R–62R.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Constantino, J. N., Abbacchi, A. M., Lavesser, P. D., Reed, H., Givens, L., Chiang, L., et al. (2009). Developmental course of autistic social impairment in males. Developmental Psychopathology, 21(1), 127–138.

    Google Scholar 

  • Constantino, J. N., Davis, S. A., Todd, R. D., Schindler, M. K., Gross, M. M., Brophy, S. L., et al. (2003). Validation of a brief quantitative measure of autistic traits: Comparison of the social responsiveness scale with the autism diagnostic interview-revised. Journal of Autism Developmental Disordorders, 33(4), 427–433.

    Google Scholar 

  • Constantino, J., & Gruber, C. P. (2005). The social responsiveness scale (SRS) manual. Los Angeles: Western Psychological Services.

    Google Scholar 

  • Constantino, J. N., Gruber, C. P., Davis, S., Hayes, S., Passanante, N., & Przybeck, T. (2004). The factor structure of autistic traits. Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 45(4), 719–726.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Constantino, J. N., Hudziak, J. J., & Todd, R. D. (2003). Deficits in reciprocal social behavior in male twins: Evidence for a genetically independent domain of psychopathology. Journal of the American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, 42(4), 458–467.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Constantino, J. N., Lajonchere, C., Lutz, M., Gray, T., Abbacchi, A., et al. (2006). Autistic social impairment in the siblings of children with pervasive developmental disorders. The American Journal of Psychiatry, 163(2), 294–296.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Constantino, J. N., Lavesser, P. D., Zhang, Y., Abbacchi, A. M., Gray, T., & Todd, R. D. (2007a). Rapid quantitative assessment of autistic social impairment by classroom teachers. Journal of the American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, 46(12), 1668–1676.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Constantino, J. N., Przybeck, T., Friesen, D., & Todd, R. D. (2000). Reciprocal social behavior in children with and without pervasive developmental disorders. Journal of Developmental Behavior Pediatrics, 21(1), 2–11.

    Google Scholar 

  • Constantino, J. N., & Todd, R. D. (2000). Genetic structure of reciprocal social behavior. The American Journal of Psychiatry, 157(12), 2043–2045.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Constantino, J. N., & Todd, R. D. (2003). Autistic traits in the general population: A twin study. Archives of General Psychiatry, 60(5), 524–530.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Constantino, J. N., & Todd, R. D. (2005). Intergenerational transmission of subthreshold autistic traits in the general population. Biological Psychiatry, 57(6), 655–660.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Constantino, J. N., Yang, D., Gray, T. L., Gross, M. M., Abbacchi, A. M., Smith, S. C., et al. (2007a). Clarifying the associations between language and social development in autism: A study of non-native phoneme recognition. Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders, 37(7), 1256–1263.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Constantino, J. N., Zhang, Y., Frazier, T., Abbacchi, A. M., & Law, P. (2010). Sibling recurrence and the genetic epidemiology of autism. The American Journal of Psychiatry, 167(11), 1349–1356.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Coon, H., Villalobos, M. E., Robison, R. J., Camp, N. J., Cannon, D. S., Allen-Brady, K., et al. (2010). Genome-wide linkage using the social responsiveness scale in Utah autism pedigrees. Molecular Autism, 1(1), 8.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Di Martino, A., Shehzad, Z., Kelly, C., Roy, A. K., Gee, D. G., Uddin, L. Q., et al. (2009). Relationship between cingulo-insular functional connectivity and autistic traits in neurotypical adults. The American Journal of Psychiatry, 166(8), 891–899.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Dunn, L. M., Dunn, L. M., Whetton, C., & Burley, J. (1997). British Picture Vocabulary Scale (2nd ed.). Windsor, Berks: NFER-Nelson.

    Google Scholar 

  • Duvall, J. A., Lu, A., Cantor, R. M., Todd, R. D., Constantino, J. N., & Geschwind, D. H. (2007). A quantitative trait locus analysis of social responsiveness in multiplex autism families. The American Journal of Psychiatry, 164(4), 656–662.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Granader, Y. E., Bender, H. A., Zemon, V., Rathi, S., Nass, R., & Macallister, W. S. (2010). The clinical utility of the social responsiveness scale and social communication questionnaire in tuberous sclerosis complex. Epilepsy & Behavior, 18(3), 262–266.

    Google Scholar 

  • Ho, A., Todd, R. D., & Constantino, J. N. (2005). Brief report: Autistic traits in twins vs. non-twins – a preliminary study. Journal of Autism Developmental Disorders, 35(1), 129–133.

    Google Scholar 

  • Kaiser, M. D., Hudac, C. M., Shultz, S., Lee, S. M., Cheung, C., Berken, A. M., et al. (2010). Neural signatures of autism. Proceedings of the National Academy of Science USA, 107(49), 21223–21228.

    Google Scholar 

  • Kalb, L. G., Law, J. K., Landa, R., & Law, P. A. (2010). Onset patterns prior to 36 months in autism spectrum disorders. Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders, 40(11), 1389–1402.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Lee, H., Marvin, A. R., Watson, T., Piggot, J., Law, J. K., Law, P. A., et al. (2010). Accuracy of phenotyping of autistic children based on internet implemented parent report. American Journal of Medical Genet Part B: Neuropsychiatric Genetics, 153B(6), 1119–1126.

    Google Scholar 

  • Levitt, P., & Campbell, D. B. (2009). The genetic and neurobiologic compass points toward common signaling dysfunctions in autism spectrum disorders. Journal of Clinical Investigation, 119(4), 747–754.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Lord, C., Risi, S., Lambrecht, L., Cook, E. H., Jr., Leventhal, B. L., DiLavore, P. C., et al. (2000). The autism diagnostic observation schedule-generic: A standard measure of social and communication deficits associated with the spectrum of autism. Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders, 30(3), 205–223.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Lord, C., Rutter, M., & Le Couteur, A. (1994). Autism diagnostic interview-revised: A revised version of a diagnostic interview for caregivers of individuals with possible pervasive developmental disorders. Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders, 24(5), 659–685.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Paul, L. K., Corsello, C., Tranel, D., & Adolphs, R. (2010). Does bilateral damage to the human amygdala produce autistic symptoms? Journal of Neurodevelopmental Disorders, 2(3), 165–173.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Pine, D. S., Guyer, A. E., Goldwin, M., Towbin, K. A., & Leibenluft, E. (2008). Autism spectrum disorder scale scores in pediatric mood and anxiety disorders. Journal of the American Acadamy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, 47(6), 652–661.

    Google Scholar 

  • Pine, E., Luby, J., Abbacchi, A., & Constantino, J. N. (2006). Quantitative assessment of autistic symptomatology in preschoolers. Autism, 10(4), 344–352.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Puleo, C. M., & Kendall, P. C. (2011). Anxiety disorders in typically developing youth: autism spectrum symptoms as a predictor of cognitive-behavioral treatment. Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders, 41(3), 275–286.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Reiersen, A. M., Constantino, J. N., Volk, H. E., & Todd, R. D. (2007). Autistic traits in a population-based ADHD twin sample. Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 48(5), 464–472.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Rutter, M., Bailey, A. J., Berument, S. K., LeCouteur, A., Lord, C., & Pickles, A. (2003). Social communication questionnaire (SCQ). Los Angeles, CA: Western Psychological Services.

    Google Scholar 

  • Schwichtenberg, A. J., Young, G. S., Sigman, M., Hutman, T., & Ozonoff, S. (2010). Can family affectedness inform infant sibling outcomes of autism spectrum disorders? Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 51(9), 1021–1030.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Skuse, D. H., Mandy, W. P., & Scourfield, J. (2005). Measuring autistic traits: Heritability, reliability and validity of the social and communication disorders checklist. The British Journal of Psychiatry, 187, 568–572.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Sparrow, S., Balla, D., & Cicchetti, D. (1984). Vineland adaptive behavior scales. Cirle Pines, MN: American Guidance Service.

    Google Scholar 

  • Towbin, K. E., Pradella, A., Gorrindo, T., Pine, D. S., & Leibenluft, E. (2005). Autism spectrum traits in children with mood and anxiety disorders. Journal of Child and Adolescent Psychopharmacology, 15(3), 452–464.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Virkud, Y. V., Todd, R. D., Abbacchi, A. M., Zhang, Y., & Constantino, J. N. (2009). Familial aggregation of quantitative autistic traits in multiplex versus simplex autism. American Journal of Medical Genetics. Part B, Neuropsychiatric Genetics, 150B(3), 328–334.

    Google Scholar 

Download references

Acknowledgments

Selected content from the SRS-2 Manual copyright © 2012 by Western Psychological Services. Adapted and reprinted by the author with permission of WPS (rights@wpspublish.com). All rights reserved.

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Corresponding author

Correspondence to John N. Constantino M.D. .

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 2013 Springer Science+Business Media New York

About this entry

Cite this entry

Constantino, J.N. (2013). Social Responsiveness Scale. In: Volkmar, F.R. (eds) Encyclopedia of Autism Spectrum Disorders. Springer, New York, NY. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4419-1698-3_296

Download citation

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4419-1698-3_296

  • Publisher Name: Springer, New York, NY

  • Print ISBN: 978-1-4419-1697-6

  • Online ISBN: 978-1-4419-1698-3

  • eBook Packages: Behavioral Science

Publish with us

Policies and ethics