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The Joint Effects of Offender Race/Ethnicity and Sexon Sentencing Outcomes

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Handbook on Crime and Deviance

Part of the book series: Handbooks of Sociology and Social Research ((HSSR))

Statistical data suggest that offender race/ethnicity and sex play important roles in criminal justice processing. Minority offenders and males, for example, are disproportionately overrepresented in U.S. prisons and jails. Specifically, based on the number of prison and jail inmates incarcerated in state facilities at mid-2005, Harrison and Beck (2006) estimated that rates of incarceration were five and one-half times higher for blacks and two times higher for Hispanics than they were for whites (p. 10). With regard to offender sex, at mid-2006, males constituted 92.8% of the U.S. prison population; they were 14 times more likely than women to be incarcerated (Sabol, Minton, & Harrison, June 2007, p. 5). Moreover, researchers estimate that a male has a 1 in 9 chance of going to prison in his lifetime, while a female has a 1 in 56 chance (Bonczar, 2003, p. 8).

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Notes

  1. 1.

    This assertion is supported by the summary information reported in Tables 17.1 and 17.4. Both tables show how many sentencing studies are based on a relatively small number of cases for female offenders and/or a disproportionately large number of cases for male offenders.

  2. 2.

    However, very few researchers have compared sentences given to minority women with sentences given to white men. Recall from Table 17.4 that most comparisons are made with reference to either black males or white females.

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  1. University of Nebraska at Omaha, Omaha, NE, USA

    Pauline K. Brennan

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  1. School of Criminal Justice, University at Albany, Washington Ave. 1400, Albany, 12222, USA

    Marvin D. Krohn

  2. School of Criminal Justice, University at Albany, Washington Ave. 1400, Albany, 12222, U.S.A.

    Alan J. Lizotte

  3. School of Criminal Justice, University at Albany, Washington Ave. 1400, Albany, 12222, U.S.A.

    Gina Penly Hall

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Brennan, P.K. (2009). The Joint Effects of Offender Race/Ethnicity and Sexon Sentencing Outcomes. In: Krohn, M., Lizotte, A., Hall, G. (eds) Handbook on Crime and Deviance. Handbooks of Sociology and Social Research. Springer, New York, NY. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4419-0245-0_17

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