Abstract
Although most soils contain large amounts of total phosphorus, they are deficient in phosphates available to plants. However significant populations of soil microorganisms present the ability to dissolve poorly soluble mineral phosphates. Most of these microorganisms are heterotrophs and depend on carbon and energy sources that can be found in the rhizosphere or by recycling crop residues. Besides, nitrogen and phosphorus sources may be considered as control factors in soil, because as carbon sources, they influence microorganisms growth and consequently their solubilization capacity. The principal mechanism for mineral phosphate solubilization is the production of organic acids. Some studies indicate that the physiology and biochemistry of C, N, and P play a role in the phosphate solubilization process. Is was suggested that increased numbers of phosphate solubilizing microorganisms in soil may be significant in relation to the phosphorus economy of the plant.
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
Preview
Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.
References
Asea P E A, Kucey R M N and Stewart J W B 1988 Inorganic phosphate solubilization by two Penicillium species in solution culture and soil. Soil Biol. Biochem. 20, 459–464.
Bojinova D, Velkova R, Grancharov I and Zhelev S 1997 The bioconversion of tunisian phosphorite using Aspergillus niger. Nutrient Cycl. Agroecosyst. 47, 227–232.
Brock T D, Madigan M T, Martinko J M and Parker J 1994 Biology of Microorganisms. Prentice, New Jersey. 909 pp.
Cerezine P C, Nahas E and Banzatto D A 1988 Soluble phosphate accumulation by Aspergillus niger from fluorapatite. Appl. Microbiol. Biotech. 29, 501–505.
Chabot R, Beauchamp C J, Kloepper J W and Antoun H 1998 Effect of phosphorus on root colonization and growth promotion of maize by bioluminescent mutants of phosphate-solubilizing Rhizobium leguminosarum biovar phaseoli. Soil. Biol. Biochem. 30, 1615–1618.
Dinkelaker B, Romheld V and Marschner H 1989 Citric acid excretion and precipitation of calcium citrate in the rhizosphere of white lupin (Lupinus albus L.). Plant Cell Environ. 12, 285–292.
Di Simine C D, Sayer J A and Gadd G M 1998 Solubilization of zinc phosphate by a strain of Pseudomonas fluorescens isolated from a forest soil. Biol. Fert. Soils 28(1), 87–94.
Gallmetzer M and Burgstaller W 2002 Efflux of organic acids in Penicillium simplicissimum is an energy-spilling process, adjusting the catabolic carbon flow to the nutrient supply and the activity of catabolic pathways. Microbiol. Reading 148, 1143–1149.
Goldstein A H 1986 Bacterial solubilization of mineral phosphates: historical perspective and future prospects. Amer. J. Alter. Agric. 1, 51–57.
Goldstein A H, Braverman K and Osorio N 1999 Evidence for mutualism between a plant growing in a phosphate-limited desert environment and a mineral phosphate solubilizing (MPS) rhizobacterium. FEMS Microbiol. Ecol. 30, 295–300.
Gupta J K, Heding L G and Jorgensen O B 1976 Effect of sugars, hydrogen ion concentration and ammonium nitrate on the formation of citric acid by Aspergillus niger. Acta Microbiol. Acad. Sci. Hung. 23, 63–67.
Illmer P and Schinner F 1995 Solubilization of inorganic calcium phosphates-solubilization mechanisms. Soil Biol. Biochem. 27, 257–263.
Illmer P, Barbato A and Schinner F 1995 Solubilization of hardly-soluble AlPO4 with P-solubilizing microorganisms. Soil Biol. Biochem. 27, 265–270.
Kara A and Bozdemir T O 1998 Optimization of the growth parameters of Aspergillus foetidus. Acta Biotech. 18, 327–338.
Katznelson H, Peterson E A and Rouatt J W 1962 Phosphatedissolving microorganisms on seed and in the root zone of plants. Can. J. Bot. 40, 1181–1186.
Kubicek C P and Röhr M 1986 Citric acid fermentation. CRC Critical Rev. Biotech. 3, 331–373.
Lynch J M and Whipps J M 1990 Substrate flow in the rhizosphere. Plant Soil 128, 1–10.
Mattey M 1992 The production of organic acids. Rev. Biotech. 12, 87–122.
Merbach W, Mirus E, Knof G, Remus R, Ruppel S, Russow R, Gransee A and Schulze J 1999 Release of carbon and nitrogen compounds by plant roots and their possible ecological importance. J. Plant Nutr. Soil Sci. 162, 373–383.
Moat A G and Foster J W 1988 Microbial Physiology, 2nd edn. Wiley, New York, 597 pp.
Nahas E, Banzatto D A and Assis L C 1990 Fluorapatite solubilization by Aspergillus niger in vinasse medium. Soil. Biol. Biochem. 22, 1097–1101.
Nahas E and Assis L C 1992 Effect of phosphate on the solubilization of fluorapatite by Aspergillus niger. Rev. Microbiol. 23, 37–42.
Nahas E 1996 Factors determining rock phosphate solubilization by microorganisms isolated from soil. World J. Microbiol. Biotech. 12, 567–572.
Nahas E 1999 In Inter-relação fertilidade, biologia do solo e nutrição de plantas. Ed. Siqueira J O et al. pp. 467–486. Viçosaa. SBCS Lavras. UFLA/DCS.
Oberson A, Friesen D K, Rao I M, Bühler S and Frossard E 2001 Phosphorus transformations in an oxisol under contrasting land-use systems: The role of the soil microbial biomass. Plant Soil 237, 197–210.
Reyes I, Bernier L, Simard R R and Antoun H 1999a Effect of nitrogen source on the solubilization of different inorganic phosphates by Na isolate of Penicillium rugulosum and two UV-induced mutants. FEMS Microbiol. Ecol. 28, 281–290.
Reyes I, Bernier L, Simard R R, Tanguay P and Antoun H 1999b Characteristics of phosphate solubilization by an isolate of a tropical Penicillium rugulosum and two UV-induced mutants. FEMS Microbiol. Ecol. 28, 291–295.
Reyes I, Baziramakenga R, Bernier L and Antoun H 2001 Solubilization of phosphate rocks and minerals by a wildtype strain and two UV-induced mutants of Penicillium rugulosum. Soil Biol. Biochem. 33, 1741–1747.
Rodríguez H and Fraga R 1999 Phosphate solubilizing bacteria and their role in plant growth promotion. Biotech. Adv. 17, 319–339.
Roos W and Luckner M 1984 Relationships between proton extrusion and fluxes of ammonium ions and organic acids in Penicillium cyclopium. J. Gen. Microbiol. 130, 1007–1014.
Ryan P R, Delhaize E and Jones D L 2001 Function and mechanism of organic anion exudation from plant roots. Annu. Rev. Plant Physiol. 52, 527–560.
Scheromm P, Plassard C and Salsac L 1990 Effect of nitrate and ammonium nutrition on the metabolism of the ectomycorrhizal basidiomycete, Hebeloma cylindrosporum Romagn. New Phytol. 114, 227–234.
Singh C P and Amberger A 1991 Solubilization and availability of phosphorus during decomposition of rock phosphate enriched straw and urine. Biol. Agric. Hort. 7, 261–269.
Sperber J I 1958 Solution of apatite by soil microorganisms producing organic acids. Aust. J. Agron. Res. 9, 782–787.
Vassilev N, Franco I, Vassileva M and Azcon R 1996 Improved plant growth with rock phosphate solubilized by Aspergillus niger grown on sugar-beet waste. Bioresource Technol. 55, 237–241.
Villegas J and Fortin J A 2001 Phosphorus solubilization and pH changes as a result of the interactions between soil bacteria and arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi on a medium containing NH +4 as nitrogen source. Can. J. Bot. 79, 865–870.
Vinopal R T and Romano A H 2000 Carbohydrate synthesis and metabolism. In Encyclopedia of Microbiology, Vol. 1, 2nd edn. Ed. J. Lederberg. pp. 647–668. Academic, San Diego.
Wenzel C L, Ashford A E and Summerell B A 1994 Phosphatesolubilizing bacteria associated with proteoid roots of seedlings of waratah [Telopea speciosissima (Sm.) R.Br.]. New Phytol. 128, 487–496.
Whitelaw M A, Harden T J and Helyar K R 1999 Phosphate solubilisation in solution culture by the soil fungus Penicillium radicum. Soil Biol. Biochem. 31, 655–665.
Xu D B, Madrid C P, Röhr M and Kubicek C P 1989 The influence of type and concentration of the carbon source on production of citric acid by Aspergillus niger. Appl. Microbiol. Biotech. 30, 553–558.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Editor information
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 2007 Springer
About this paper
Cite this paper
Nahas, E. (2007). Phosphate solubilizing microorganisms: Effect of carbon, nitrogen, and phosphorus sources. In: Velázquez, E., Rodríguez-Barrueco, C. (eds) First International Meeting on Microbial Phosphate Solubilization. Developments in Plant and Soil Sciences, vol 102. Springer, Dordrecht. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4020-5765-6_15
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4020-5765-6_15
Received:
Accepted:
Publisher Name: Springer, Dordrecht
Print ISBN: 978-1-4020-4019-1
Online ISBN: 978-1-4020-5765-6
eBook Packages: Biomedical and Life SciencesBiomedical and Life Sciences (R0)