Skip to main content

Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons in Smoked Meats

  • Chapter
  • First Online:
Book cover Safety of Meat and Processed Meat

Part of the book series: Food Microbiology and Food Safety ((FMFS))

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this chapter

Chapter
USD 29.95
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
eBook
USD 169.00
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as EPUB and PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
Softcover Book
USD 219.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Compact, lightweight edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info
Hardcover Book
USD 219.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Durable hardcover edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Institutional subscriptions

References

  • Afolabi, O. A., Adesulu, E. A., & Oke, O. L. (1983). Polynuclear aromatic hydrocarbons in some Nigerian preserved freshwater fish species. Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry, 31, 1083–1090.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Alonge, D. O. (1987). Factors affecting the quality of smoke-dried meats in Nigeria. Acta Alimentaria, 16, 263–270.

    Google Scholar 

  • Alonge, D. O. (1988). Carcinogenic polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAH) determined in Nigerian kundi (smoke-dried meat). Journal of the Science of Food and Agriculture, 43, 167–172.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Andelman, J. B., & Suess, M. J. (1970). PAH in the water environment. Bulletin WHO, 43, 479–508.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • AOAC. (1995). Official method 973.30 (16th ed.). Arlington, VA: AOAC International, 48-11995.

    Google Scholar 

  • Bartle, K. D. (1991). Analysis and occurrence of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in food. In C. Creaser & R. Purchase (Eds.), Food contaminants, sources and surveillance(pp. 41–60). Cambridge: The Royal Society of Chemistry.

    Google Scholar 

  • Bieri, R. H., & Greaves, J. (1987). Characterization of benzo(a)pyrene metabolites by high performance liquid chromatography–mass spectrometry with a direct liquid introduction interface and using negative chemical ionization. Biomedical and Environmental Mass Spectrometry, 14, 555–561.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Binnemann, P. H. (1979). Benz(a)pyrene in Fleischerzeugnissen. Zeitschrift für Lebensmittel Untersuchung und Forschung, 169, 447–452.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Borys, A. (2004). Liquid smoke application. In W. K. Jensen, C. Devine, & K. Dikeman (Eds.), Encyclopedia of meat sciences (pp. 1272–1277). London: Elsevier.

    Chapter  Google Scholar 

  • Cejpek, K., Hajšlová, J., Jehličková, Z., & Merhaut, J. (1995). Simplified extraction and cleanup procedure for the determination of PAHs in fatty and protein rich matrices. International Journal of Environmental Analytical Chemistry, 61, 65–80.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Chen, J., & Chen, S. (2005). Removal of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons by low density polyethylene from liquid model and roasted meat. Food Chemistry, 90, 461–469.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Chen, B. H., Wang, C. Y., & Chiu, C. P. (1996). Evaluation of analysis of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in meat products by liquid chromatography. Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry, 44, 2244–2251.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Chiu, C. P., Lin, Y. S., & Chen, B. H. (1997). Comparison of GC–MS and HPLC for overcoming matrix interferences in the analysis of PAHs in smoked food. Chromatographia, 44, 497–504.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Dennis, M. J., Massey, R. C., McWeeny, D. J., Larsson, B., Eriksson, A., & Sahlberg, G. (1984). Comparison of capillary gas chromatographic and high-performance liquid chromatographic method of analysis for polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in food. Journal of Chromatography, 285, 127–133.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Dobríková, E., & Světlíková, A. (2007). Occurence of benzo[a]pyrene in some foods of animal origin in the Slovak Republic. Journal of Food and Nutrition Research, 46, 181–185.

    Google Scholar 

  • Fretheim, K. (1976). Carcinogenic PAH in Norwegian smoked meat sausages. Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry, 24, 976–979.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • García-Falcón, M. S., Simal-Gandara, J., & Carril-Gonzalez-Barros, S. T. (2000). Analysis of benzo(a)pyrene in spiked fatty foods by second derivative synchronous spectrofluorimetry after microwave-assisted treatment of samples. Food Additives and Contaminants, 17, 957–964.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Gomaa, E. A., Gray, I. J., Rabie, S., Lopez-Bote, C., & Booren, A. M. (1993). Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in smoked food products and commercial liquid smoke flavourings. Food Additives&Contaminants, 10, 503–521.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Grimmer, G., & Böhnke, H. (1975). Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon profile analysis of high protein foods, oils and fats by gas chromatography. Journal of Association of Official Analytical Chemists, 58, 725–733.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Guillén, M. D., Sopelana, P., & Partearroyo, A. (2000a). Determination of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in commercial liquid smoke flavourings of different composition by gas chromatography–mass spectrometry. Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry, 48, 126–131.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Guillén, M. D., Sopelana, P., & Partearroyo, A. (2000b). Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in liquid smoke flavorings obtained from different types of wood. Effect of storage in polyethylene flasks on their concentrations. Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry, 48, 5083–5087.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Haenni, E. O. (1968). Analytical control of PAH in food and food additives. Residue Reviews, 24, 42–78.

    Google Scholar 

  • Hartmann, K. (2000). Benzo[a]pyren Bestimmung bei mit Räucharomageräucherten Fleischerzeugnissen. Deutsche Lebensmittel Rundschau, 96, 163–166.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Howard, J. W., & Fazio, T. (1980). PAH in foods. Journal of Association of Official Analytical Chemists, 63, 1077–1104.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Hunt, D., Wild, P., & Crosby, N. T. (1977). A new chemically bonded stationary phase for the determination of polynuclear aromatic hydrocarbons by high pressure liquid chromatography. Journal of Chromatography, 130, 320–323.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Jira, W. (2004). A GC/MS method for the determination of carcinogenic polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAH) in smoked meat products and liquid smokes. European Food Research and Technology, 218, 208–212.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Joe, F. L., Salemme, J., & Fazio, T. (1984). Liquid chromatographic determination of trace residues of polynuclear aromatic hydrocarbons in smoked foods. Journal of Association of Official Analytical Chemists, 67, 1076–1082.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Kangsadalampai, K., Butryee, C., & Manoonphol, K. (1997). Direct mutagenicity of the polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon-containing fraction of smoked and charcoal-broiled foods treated with nitrite in acid solution. Food & Chemical Toxicology, 35, 213–218.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Karl, H., & Leinemann, M. (1996). Determination of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in smoked fishery products from different smoking kilns. Zeitschrift für Lebensmittel Untersuchung und Forschung, 202, 458–464.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Laffon Lage, B., Garcia Falcon, S., Gonzalez Amigo, M. S., Lage Yusty, M. A., & Simal Lozano, J. (1997). Comparison of supercritical fluid extraction and conventional liquid–solid extraction for the determination of benzo(a)pyrene in water-soluble smoke. Food Additives and Contaminants, 14, 469–474.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Larsson, B. K. (1982). Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in smoked fish. Zeitschrift für Lebensmittel Untersuchung und Forschung, 174, 101–107.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Law, R. J., Kelly, C., Baker, K., Jones, J., & McIntosh, A. D. (2002). Toxic equivalency factors for PAH and their applicability in shellfish pollution monitoring studies. Journal on Environmental Monitoring, 4, 383–388.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Lawrence, J. F., & Weber, D. F. (1984). Determination of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in Canadian samples of processed vegetable and dairy products by liquid chromatography. Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry, 32, 789–794.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Lee, M. L., Novotny, M. V., & Bartle, K. D. (1981). Analytical chemistry of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons. New York: Academic Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Maga, J. A. (1987). The flavor chemistry of wood smoke. Food Reviews International, 3, 139–183.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Moret, S., Conte, L., & Dean, D. (1999). Assessment of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon content of smoked fish by means of a fast HPLC/HPLC method. Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry, 47, 1367–1371.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Mottier, P., Parisod, V., & Turesky, R. J. (2000). Quantitative determination of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in barbecued meat sausages by gas chromatography coupled to mass spectrometry. Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry, 48, 1160–1166.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Nisbet, I. C. T., & La Goy, P. K. (1992). Toxic equivalency factors (TEFS) for polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons. Regulatory Toxicology and Pharmacology, 16, 290–300.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Ova, G., & Onaran, S. (1998). Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons contamination in salmon-trout and eel smoked by two different methods.Advances in Food Sciences, 20,168–172.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Potthast, K., & Eigner, G. (1975). A new method for the rapid isolation of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons from smoked meat products. Journal of Chromatography, 103,173–176.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Radecki, A., Lamparczyk, H., Grzybowski, J., & Halkiewicz, J. (1978). Separation of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons and determination of benzo(a)pyrene in liquid smoke preparations. Journal of Chromatography, 150, 527–532.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Räuter, W. (1997). Content of benzo(a)pyrene in smoked foods. Ernährung, 21, 447–448.

    Google Scholar 

  • Report of the Joint FAO/WHO Expert Commission. (1987). Report of the Joint FAO/WHO Expert Commission on Food Additives No. 31, 759, 1987.

    Google Scholar 

  • Schaad, R. (1970). Chromatographie (Karzinogener) Polyzyclicer Aromatischer Kohlenwasserstoffe. Chromatography Review, 13, 61–64.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Sikorski, Z. E. (2004). Traditional smoking. In W. K. Jensen, C. Devine, & K. Dikeman (Eds.), Encyclopedia of meat sciences (pp. 1265–1277). London: Elsevier.

    Chapter  Google Scholar 

  • Silvester, D. S. (1980). Determination of 3,4-benzpyrene and benzanthracene in phenolic smoke concentrates. Journal of Food Technology, 15, 413–420.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Sim, P. G., Boyd, R. K., Gershey, R. M., Guevremont, R., Jamieson, W. D., Quilliam, M. A. et al. (1987). A comparison of chromatographic and chromatographic/mass spectrometric techniques for determination of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in marine sediments. Biomedical and Environmental Mass Spectrometry, 14, 375–381.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Šimko, P. (1991). Changes of benzo[a]pyrene content in smoked fish during storage. Food Chemistry, 40, 293–300.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Šimko, P. (2002). Determination of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in smoked meat products and liquid smoke flavourings by gas chromatography and high pressure liquid chromatography. Journal of Chromatography B, 770, 3–18.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Šimko, P. (2005). Factors affecting elimination of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in smoked meat foods and liquid smoke flavours. Molecular Nutrition& Food Research, 49, 637–647.

    Google Scholar 

  • Šimko, P., Gergely, Š., Karovičová, J., Drdák, M., & Knežo, J. (1993). Influence of cooking on benzo[a]pyrene content in smoked sausages. Meat Science, 34, 301–309.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Šimko, P., Gombita, M., & Karovičová, J. (1991). Determination and occurrence of benzo(a)pyrene in smoked meat products. Nahrung/Food, 35, 103–104.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Šimko, P., Karovičová, J., & Kubincová, M. (1991). Changes in benzo[a]pyrene content in fermented salami. Zeitschrift für Lebensmittel Untersuchung und Forschung, 193,538–540.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Šimko, P., Petrík, J., & Karovičová, J. (1992). Determination of benzo[a]pyrene in liquid smoke preparations by high pressure liquid chromatography and confirmation by gas chromatography–mass spectrometry. Acta Alimentaria, 21, 107–114.

    Google Scholar 

  • Speer, K., Steeg, E., Horstmann, P., Kuehn, T., & Montag, A. (1990). Determination and distribution of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in native vegetable oils, smoked fish products, mussels and oysters, and bream from the river Elbe. Journal of High Resolution Chromatography and Chromatography Communications, 13, 104–111.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Stahl, W., & Eisenbrand, G. (1988). Determination of polynuclear aromatic hydrocarbons and nitrosamines. In R. Macrae (Ed.), HPLC in food analysis (pp. 377–412). London: Academic Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Stijve, T., & Hischenhuber, C. (1987). Simplified determination of benzo(a)pyrene and other aromatic hydrocarbons in various food materials by HPLC and TLC. Deutsche Lebensmittel Rundschau, 83, 276–282.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Stołyhwo, A., & Sikorski, Z. E. (2005). Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in smoked fish – A critical review. Food Chemistry, 91, 303–311.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Takatsuki, K., Suzuki, S., Sato, N., & Ushizawa, I. (1985). Liquid chromatographic determination of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in fish and shellfish. Journal of Association of Official Analytical Chemists, 68, 945–949.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Tamakawa, K. (2004). Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in food. In L. M. L. Nollet (Ed.), Handbook of food analysis (pp. 1449–1483). New York: Marcel Dekker.

    Google Scholar 

  • Tóth, L., & Blaas, W. (1972). Einfluss der Räeuchertechnologie auf den Gehalt von geraeucherten Fleischwaren an cancerogenen Kohlenwasserstoffen. II. Einfluss der Glimmtemperatur des Holzes sowie der Kuehlung, Waesche und Filtration des Räeucherrauches. Fleischwirtschaft, 52, 1419–1422.

    Google Scholar 

  • Tóth, L., & Potthast, K. (1984). Chemical aspects of the smoking of meat and meat products. In C. O. Chichester, E. M. K. Mrak, & B. S. Schweigert (Eds.), Advances in food research, (pp. 87–158). New York: Academic Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Tuominen, J., Wickström, K., & Pyysalo, H. (1986). Determination of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons by GC-selected ion monitoring technique. Journal of High Resolution Chromatography and Chromatography Communications, 9, 469–471.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Vaessen, G. M. A. H., Jekel, A. A., & Wilbers, M. M. A. A. (1988). Dietary intake of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons. Toxicological and Environmental Chemistry, 16, 281–294.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Vassilaros, D. L. Stoker, P. W., Booth, G. M., & Lee, M. L., (1982). Capillary gas chromatographic determination of polycyclic aromatic compounds in vertebrate fish tissue. Analytical Chemistry, 54, 106–112.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Wang, G., Lee, A. S., Lewis, M., Kamath, B., & Archer, R. K. (1999). Accelerated solvent extraction and gas chromatography/mass spectrometry for determination of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in smoked food samples. Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry, 47, 1062–1066.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • White, R. H., Howard, J. W., & Barnes, C. J. (1971). Determination of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in liquid smoke flavours. Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry, 19, 143–146.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Williams, P. T., Andrews, G. E., Bartle, K. D., Bishop, P., & Watkins, P. (1988). Analysis of the polycyclic aromatic compounds of diesel fuel by gas chromatography with ion trap detection.Biomedical and Environmental Mass Spectrometry,15, 517–519.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Wilms, M. (2000). The developing of modern smokehouses – Ecological and economical aspects. Fleischwirtschaft International, 80, 4–5.

    Google Scholar 

  • Wise, A. S., Sander, L. C., & May, W. E. (1993). Determination of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons by liquid chromatography. Journal of Chromatography, 642, 329–333.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Yabiku, H. Y., Martins, M. S., & Takahashi, M. Y. (1993). Levels of benzo(a)pyrene and other polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in liquid smoke flavour and some smoked foods. Food Additives and Contaminants, 10, 399–405.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

Download references

Authors

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 2009 Springer Science+Business Media, LLC

About this chapter

Cite this chapter

Šimko, P. (2009). Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons in Smoked Meats. In: Toldrá, F. (eds) Safety of Meat and Processed Meat. Food Microbiology and Food Safety. Springer, New York, NY. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-0-387-89026-5_13

Download citation

Publish with us

Policies and ethics