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Phospholipid Signaling and Cell Function

  • Reference work entry
Handbook of Neurochemistry and Molecular Neurobiology

Abstract

Phospholipase D (PLD) is an important member of the phospholipid signaling enzymes, which catalyzes generation of phosphatidic acid (PA), a second messenger, and choline, a precursor of the neurotransmitter acetylcholine (ACh). PA can then be converted to 1,2-diacylglycerol (DAG) by PA phosphohydrolase and to lysoPA (LPA) by phospholipase A2 which act as protein kinase C activator and as an extracellular agonist, respectively. In addition to the role of PA as a signaling mediator, it plays a biophysical role as a membrane perturbant for fusion pore formation in exocytosis. The PLD activation is linked to a wide array of physiological and pathophysiological cell responses, including the rapid responses such as secretion, vesicle trafficking, cytoskeletal rearrangement, and the long-term responses such as proliferation, differentiation, survival, apoptosis, and degenerative disorders.

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Abbreviations

ACh:

acetylcholine

ActD:

ActinomycinD

AD:

Alzheimer’s disease

aPKC:

atypical PKCs

βAPP:

βA precursor protein

cPKC:

conventional PKC

DAG:

1,2-diacylglycerol

dbcAMP:

dibutyryl cyclic AMP

DGK:

DAG kinase

Egr-1:

early growth response-1

ERK:

extracellular signal-regulated kinase

4E-BP1:

4E binding protein1

LPA:

lysoPA

LPC:

lysophosphatidylcholine

MAP:

Mitogen-Activated Protein

MEK:

MAP kinase-ERK kinase

mTOR:

mammalian target of rapamycin

nPKC:

novel PKC

p38MAPK:

p38 MAP kinase

PAP:

phosphatidic acid phosphohydrolase

PA:

phosphatidic acid

PC:

phosphatidylcholine

PH:

pleckstrin homology

PI(4,5)P2 :

phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate

PIs:

phosphoinositides

PKC:

protein kinase C

PLC:

phospholipase C

PLD:

Phospholipase D

PTK:

protein tyrosine kinase

PTP:

tyrosine phosphatase

ROCK:

Rho kinase

SCAMP2:

secretory carrier membrane protein2

TGN:

trans-Golgi network

tPA:

tissue plasminogen activator

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Authors
  1. Y. Nozawa
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Editors and Affiliations

  1. Center for Neurochemistry, Nathan S. Kline Institute for Psychiatric Research, 10962, 140 Old Orangeburg Road, Orangeburg, New York, USA

    Abel Lajtha (Director) (Director)

  2. Group Director of Neuro-Developmental Disorder Research Group, RIKEN Brain Science Institute, 351-0198, 2-1 Hirosawa Wako-shi, Saitama, Japan

    Katsuhiko Mikoshiba

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Nozawa, Y. (2009). Phospholipid Signaling and Cell Function. In: Lajtha, A., Mikoshiba, K. (eds) Handbook of Neurochemistry and Molecular Neurobiology. Springer, Boston, MA. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-0-387-30370-3_15

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