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Functional and Pharmacological MRI in Understanding Brain Function at a Systems Level

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Molecular and Functional Models in Neuropsychiatry

Part of the book series: Current Topics in Behavioral Neurosciences ((CTBN,volume 7))

Abstract

Functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) methods have been extensively applied to study the human brain and its functional organization in healthy and disease states. A strong rationale exists for the extension of this approach to animal models as a translational tool to bridge clinical and preclinical research. Specifically, the development of pharmacological MRI (phMRI), i.e., the use of fMRI to map spatiotemporal patterns of brain activity induced by pharmacological agents, has provided a robust and flexible tool to resolve brain circuits and mechanism-specific functional changes produced by selective intervention in different neurotransmitter systems in vivo. This chapter describes the methodological aspects of fMRI and phMRI in preclinical species, and some of the key findings, with a special emphasis on the translational potential of these methods in neuropharmacological research.

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Abbreviations

5-HT:

5-Hydroxytryptamine

Acb:

Nucleus accumbens

BOLD:

Blood oxygen level dependent

CBF:

Cerebral blood flow

CBV:

Cerebral blood volume

CRF:

Corticotropin-releasing factor

EEG:

Electro-encephalogram

FDG:

18F-fluoro-deoxy-glucose

fMRI:

Functional magnetic resonance imaging

GABA:

γ-Aminobutyric acid

GlyT-1:

Glycine transporter type-I

mCPP:

1-(m-Chlorophenyl) piperazine

MEG:

Magneto-encephalography

mPFC:

Medial prefrontal cortex

MRI:

Magnetic resonance imaging

nAChR:

Nicotinic acetylcholine receptor

NK1:

Neurokinin 1 (NK1)

NMDAR:

N-methyl-d-aspartate receptor

PCP:

Phencyclidine

PET:

Positron emitting tomography

phMRI:

Pharmacological magnetic resonance imaging

rCBV:

Relative cerebral blood volume

VTA:

Ventral tegmental area

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  1. Center for Nanotechnology Innovation, Italian Institute of Technology, IIT@NEST, Piazza San Silvestro, 12, Pisa, 56127, Italy

    Angelo Bifone & Alessandro Gozzi

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  1. Angelo Bifone
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  2. Alessandro Gozzi
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Correspondence to Angelo Bifone .

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  1. Global Medical Excellence Cluster (GMEC), King's College London, London, SE1 1UL, United Kingdom

    Jim J. Hagan

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Bifone, A., Gozzi, A. (2011). Functional and Pharmacological MRI in Understanding Brain Function at a Systems Level. In: Hagan, J. (eds) Molecular and Functional Models in Neuropsychiatry. Current Topics in Behavioral Neurosciences, vol 7. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/7854_2010_103

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