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Nile Basin Climate Changes Impacts and Variabilities

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The Nile River

Part of the book series: The Handbook of Environmental Chemistry ((HEC,volume 56))

Abstract

Global climate is changing and this is apparent across the Nile basin countries in a wide range of observations. The global warming of the past 50 years is primarily due to human activities, climate change is already affecting the Nile basin people in far-reaching ways. Certain types of extreme weather events with links to climate change have become more frequent and/or intense, including prolonged periods of heat, heavy downpours, and, in some regions, floods and droughts. In addition, warming is causing sea level to rise and oceans are becoming more acidic as they absorb carbon dioxide. These and other aspects of climate change are disrupting people’s lives and damaging some sectors of our economy. So this chapter presents the climate changes and variability all over the basin and sub-basins. It structures around historical climatology and hydrology of Nile basin, variability of Nile climate, in addition to the Impacts of Climate Change on Growth and Development.

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Abbreviations

AOGCM:

Atmosphere-Ocean General Circulation Model

AR4:

Fourth Assessment Report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (2007)

AR5:

Fifth Assessment Report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change

CERAL:

Climate and Environment Risk Assessments Laboratory

ECRI:

Environment and Climate Change Research Institute

DCF:

Delta change factor

ENSO:

El Niño Southern oscillation

ENTRO:

Eastern Nile Technical Regional Office

GCM:

Global Circulation Model

GPCC:

Global Precipitation Climatology Center

IPCC:

Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change

ITCZ:

Inter-Tropical Convergence Zone

IOD:

Indian Ocean Dipole

IOZM:

Indian Ocean Zonal Mode

NBI:

Nile basin initiative

NCAR:

National Center for Atmospheric Research

NFS:

Nile Forecast System

NWRC:

National Water Resources Center

RACMO:

Regional Atmospheric Climate Model

RCM:

Regional Climate Model

RCPs:

Representative Concentration Pass Ways

SOI:

Southern Oscillation Index

SRES:

Special Report on Emissions Scenarios

SAR:

Second Assessment Report

SST:

Sea Surface Temperature

TAR:

Third Assessment Report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (2001)

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Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Environment and Climate Research Institute (ECRI), National Water Research Center (NWRC), Cairo, Egypt

    Khaled Khir-Eldien

  2. Climate and Environment Risk Assessments Laboratory (CERAL), Environment and Climate Research Institute (ECRI), National Water Research Center (NWRC), Cairo, Egypt

    Sherien Ahmed Zahran

Authors
  1. Khaled Khir-Eldien
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  2. Sherien Ahmed Zahran
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Corresponding author

Correspondence to Khaled Khir-Eldien .

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

  1. Faculty of Engineering, Zagazig University , Zagazig, Egypt

    Abdelazim M. Negm

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Khir-Eldien, K., Zahran, S.A. (2016). Nile Basin Climate Changes Impacts and Variabilities. In: Negm, A. (eds) The Nile River. The Handbook of Environmental Chemistry, vol 56. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/698_2016_116

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