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Coordination Chemistry of Nitrosyls and Its Biochemical Implications

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Nitrosyl Complexes in Inorganic Chemistry, Biochemistry and Medicine I

Part of the book series: Structure and Bonding ((STRUCTURE,volume 153))

Abstract

A comprehensive overview is presented of the biologically relevant coordination chemistry of nitrosyls and its biochemical consequences. Representative classes of metal nitrosyls are introduced along with the structural and bonding aspects that may have consequences for the biological functioning of these complexes. Next, the biological targets and functions of nitrogen (II) oxide are discussed. Up-to-date biochemical applications of metal nitrosyls are reviewed.

An erratum to this chapter can be found at http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/430_2013_128

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Notes

  1. 1.

    According to the definition of IUPAC: A description of the bonding of π-conjugated ligands to a transition metal which involves a synergic process with donation of electrons from the filled π-orbital or lone electron pair orbital of the ligand into an empty orbital of the metal (donor–acceptor bond), together with release (back-donation) of electrons from an nd orbital of the metal (which is of π-symmetry with respect to the metal–ligand axis) into the empty π*-antibonding orbital of the ligand [7].

  2. 2.

    The labile iron pool has recently been defined by Cabantchik et al. [103] as the pool of iron labilly bound to low-molecular complexes available for redox reactions. Typical LIP concentration in the cell does not exceed 1 μM [104].

  3. 3.

    c-Jun N-terminal kinases – mitogen-activated protein kinases which are responsive to stress stimuli, such as cytokines, ultraviolet irradiation, heat shock, and osmotic shock, and are involved in T cell differentiation and apoptosis. Kinase (phosphotransferase) – a type of enzyme that transfers phosphate groups from high-energy donor molecules, such as ATP, to specific substrates.

  4. 4.

    Bcl-2–associated X protein (Bax) is a pro-apoptotic Bcl-2 type protein.

Abbreviations

5C:

Five-coordinate

AAA+:

ATPases associated with diverse cellular activities

ATP:

Adenosine triphosphate

Bax:

Bcl-2-associated X protein

BIPM:

2,2′-(phenylmethylene)bis(3-methylindole)

Bu:

Butyl

Cbl:

Cobalamin

cGMP:

Cyclic guanosine monophosphate

Cp:

Cyclopentadienyl

CPMAS:

Cross polarization magic angle spinning

CuFL:

Fluorescein-copper (II) complex

Cys:

Cysteine

DETC:

Diethyl thiocarbamate

DFT:

Density functional theory

DMSO:

Dimethyl sulfoxide

DNDGIC:

Dinitrosyl–diglutathionyl–iron complex

DNIC:

Dinitrosyl iron complex

DTC:

Dithiocarbamate

EDRF:

Endothelium-derived relaxing factor

ENDOR:

Electron nuclear double beam resonance

eNOS:

Endothelial nitrogen (II) oxide synthase

EPR:

Electron paramagnetic resonance

Et:

Ethyl

FL:

Fluorescein

GAF domain:

cGMP-specific phosphodiesterases, adenylyl cyclases, and FhlA characteristic domain

GC:

Guanylate cyclase

GSH:

Glutathione

GSNO:

Nitrosoglutathione

GST:

Glutathione transferase

GTP:

Guanosine triphosphate

H2bpb:

N,N′-bis(bipyridine-2-carboxamido)-1,2-diaminobenzene

Hb:

Hemoglobin

HiPIP:

High-potential iron–sulfur protein

His:

Histidine

HOMO:

Highest occupied molecular orbital

HTH:

Helix–turn–helix

iNOS:

Cytokine-inducible nitrogen (II) oxide synthase

IR:

Infrared

IRE:

Iron responsive element

IRP:

Iron regulatory protein

IUPAC:

International Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry

LIP:

Labile iron pool

LMW:

Low molecular weight

LUMO:

Lowest unoccupied molecular orbital

Me:

Methyl

metHb:

Methemoglobin

MNIC:

Mononitrosyl iron complex

MNIP:

4-Methoxy-2-(1H-naptho[2,3-d]imidazol-2-yl)phenol

MorDTC:

Morpholyldithiocarbamate

MRP1:

Multidrug resistance-associated protein1; iron regulatory protein1

MT:

Metallothionein

MTP1:

Ferroportin1

NAD:

Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide

naphth-enH2 :

2-Hydroxy-1-naphthaldehyde and ethylenediamine

naphth-mphH2 :

4-Methyl-o-phenylenediamine

naphth-phH2 :

o-Phenylenediamine

NHase:

Nitrile hydratase

NHE:

Normal hydrogen electrode

NIR:

Nitric oxide reductase

NMR:

Nuclear magnetic resonance

nNOS:

Neuronal nitrogen (II) oxide synthase

NO:

Nitrogen (II) oxide

NorR:

Anaerobic nitric oxide reductase transcription regulator

NOS:

Nitrogen (II) oxide synthase

NRVS:

Nuclear resonance vibrational spectroscopy

OEP:

Octaethylporphyrin

PaPy3H:

N,N-bis(2-pyridylmethyl)amine-N-ethyl-2-pyridine-2-carboxamide

PeT:

Photoinduced electron transfer

Ph:

Phenyl

porph:

Porphyrin

PPDEH2 :

Protoporphyrin IX diester

PPh3 :

Triphenylphosphine

PPN:

3-Phenyl-2-propynenitrile

RBS:

Roussin’s black salt

RRE:

Roussin’s red salt ester

RRS:

Roussin’s red salt

RSNO:

S-nitrosothiol

S2-o-xyl:

Dianion of 1,2-phenylenedimethanethiol

SCE:

Saturated calomel electrode

Ser:

Serine

sGC:

Soluble guanylate cyclase

SNP:

Sodium nitroprusside

SoxR:

Superoxide response DNA-binding transcriptional dual regulator

SoxS:

Activator of superoxide stress genes

TCPP:

meso-tetrakis (4-carboxyphenyl) porphyrin

TMPyP:

meso-tetrakis (4-N-methylpyridinium) porphyrin

TPE:

Two photon excitation

TPP:

Tetraphenylporphyrin

TPRR′:

tris(pyrazolyl) borato ligand

TTMAPP:

meso-tetrakis [4-(N,N,N-trimethyl) aminophenyl] porphyrin

Tyr:

Tyrosine

UTR:

Untranslated region of RNA

UV–VIS:

Ultraviolet–visible spectroscopy

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Acknowledgments

The author wishes to thank Professor I. Szumiel from the Institute of Nuclear Chemistry and Technology for her invaluable meritorical and editorial remarks.

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  1. Centre for Radiobiology and Biological Dosimetry, Institute of Nuclear Chemistry and Technology, 16 Dorodna Str., 03-195, Warsaw, Poland

    Hanna Lewandowska

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  1. Hanna Lewandowska
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Correspondence to Hanna Lewandowska .

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  1. Inorganic Chemistry Laboratory, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom

    D. Michael P. Mingos

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Lewandowska, H. (2013). Coordination Chemistry of Nitrosyls and Its Biochemical Implications. In: Mingos, D. (eds) Nitrosyl Complexes in Inorganic Chemistry, Biochemistry and Medicine I. Structure and Bonding, vol 153. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/430_2013_102

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