Abstract
Electrophilic F/CF3/SCF3 transfer reactions have recently emerged as a promising strategy to introduce fluorine substituents to organic compounds at mild conditions with high reactivity and selectivity. Several safe and stable electrophilic reagents have been introduced and have found interesting applications in synthetic chemistry. To control the reactivity and selectivity of these reactions, metal catalysts are typically used in combination with the reagents. Herein, we describe our recent efforts to elucidate the detailed mechanisms and origins of selectivity for a number of metal-catalyzed electrophilic F/CF3/SCF3 transfer reactions using density functional theory calculations. Focus is on reactions employing hypervalent fluoroiodine and nitrogen-based reagents, with zinc or rhodium as the metal catalysts. The roles of the metal ions are discussed, and some novel mechanistic ideas have emerged from these calculations that can have bearing on other reactions for introducing fluorine-containing groups.
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
References
O’Hagan D (2008) Chem Soc Rev 37:308–319
Harsanyi A, Sandford G (2015) Green Chem 17:2081–2086
Müller K, Faeh C, Diederich F (2007) Science 317:1881–1886
Wang J, Sánchez-Roselló M, Aceña JL, del Pozo C, Sorochinsky AE, Fustero S, Soloshonok VA, Liu H (2014) Chem Rev 114:2432–2506
Zhou Y, Wang J, Gu Z, Wang S, Zhu W, Aceña JL, Soloshonok VA, Izawa K, Liu H (2016) Chem Rev 116:422–518
Jeschke P (2004) ChemBioChem 5:570–589
Jeschke P (2010) Pest Manag Sci 66:10–27
Zeng J-L, Wang J, Ma J-A (2015) Bioconjugate Chem 26:1000–1003
Chansaenpak K, Vabre B, Gabbai FP (2016) Chem Soc Rev 45:954–971
Preshlock S, Tredwell M, Gouverneur V (2016) Chem Rev 116:719–766
Charpentier J, Früh N, Togni A (2015) Chem Rev 115:650–682
Egami H, Sodeoka M (2014) Angew Chem Int Ed 53:8294–8308
Merino E, Nevado C (2014) Chem Soc Rev 43:6598–6608
Umemoto T (1996) Chem Rev 96:1757–1778
Liang T, Neumann CN, Ritter T (2013) Angew Chem Int Ed 52:8214–8264
Wolstenhulme JR, Gouverneur V (2014) Acc Chem Res 47:3560–3570
Yang X, Wu T, Phipps RJ, Toste FD (2015) Chem Rev 115:826–870
Ma J-A, Cahard D (2008) Chem Rev 108:PR1–PR43
Champagne PA, Desroches J, Hamel J-D, Vandamme M, Paquin J-F (2015) Chem Rev 115:9073–9174
Kohlhepp SV, Gulder T (2016) Chem Soc Rev 45:6270–6288
Ilchenko NO, Tasch BOA, Szabó KJ (2014) Angew Chem Int Ed 53:12897–12901
Ilchenko NO, Cortés MA, Szabó KJ (2016) ACS Catal 6:447–450
Yuan W, Szabó KJ (2015) Angew Chem Int Ed 54:8533–8537
Yuan W, Eriksson L, Szabó KJ (2016) Angew Chem Int Ed 55:8410–8415
Yuan W, Szabó KJ (2016) ACS Catal 6:6687–6691
Lübcke M, Yuan W, Szabó KJ (2017) Org Lett 19:4548–4551
Ilchenko NO, Hedberg M, Szabo KJ (2017) Chem Sci 8:1056–1061
Differding E, Ofner H (1991) Synlett 1991:187–189
Li Y, Zhang Q (2015) Synthesis 47:159–174
Zhang P, Li M, Xue X-S, Xu C, Zhao Q, Liu Y, Wang H, Guo Y, Lu L, Shen Q (2016) J Org Chem 81:7486–7509
Geary GC, Hope EG, Singh K, Stuart AM (2013) Chem Commun 49:9263–9265
Ulmer A, Brunner C, Arnold AM, Pöthig A, Gulder T (2016) Chem A Eur J 22:3660–3664
He Y, Yang Z, Thornbury RT, Toste FD (2015) J Am Chem Soc 137:12207–12210
Miró J, del Pozo C, Toste FD, Fustero S (2016) Angew Chem Int Ed 55:9045–9049
Thornbury RT, Saini V, Fernandes TDA, Santiago CB, Talbot EPA, Sigman MS, McKenna JM, Toste FD (2017) Chem Sci 8:2890–2897
Yamamoto K, Li J, Garber JAO, Rolfes JD, Boursalian GB, Borghs JC, Genicot C, Jacq J, van Gastel M, Neese F, Ritter T (2018) Nature 554:511–514
Yoshimura A, Zhdankin VV (2016) Chem Rev 116:3328–3435
Li Y, Hari DP, Vita MV, Waser J (2016) Angew Chem Int Ed 55:4436–4454
Zhao Y-M, Cheung MS, Lin Z, Sun J (2012) Angew Chem Int Ed 51:10359–10363
Lam Y-H, Houk KN (2014) J Am Chem Soc 136:9556–9559
Arimitsu S, Yonamine T, Higashi M (2017) ACS Catal 7:4736–4740
Sreenithya A, Surya K, Sunoj RB (2017) WIREs Comput Mol Sci 7:e1299
Malmgren J, Santoro S, Jalalian N, Himo F, Olofsson B (2013) Chem A Eur J 19:10334–10342
Ariafard A (2014) ACS Catal 4:2896–2907
Frei R, Wodrich MD, Hari DP, Borin P-A, Chauvier C, Waser J (2014) J Am Chem Soc 136:16563–16573
Beaulieu S, Legault CY (2015) Chem A Eur J 21:11206–11211
Tolnai GL, Szekely A, Mako Z, Gati T, Daru J, Bihari T, Stirling A, Novak Z (2015) Chem Commun 51:4488–4491
Jiang J, Ramozzi R, Moteki S, Usui A, Maruoka K, Morokuma K (2015) J Org Chem 80:9264–9271
Funes-Ardoiz I, Sameera WMC, Romero RM, MartÃnez C, Souto JA, Sampedro D, Muñiz K, Maseras F (2016) Chem A Eur J 22:7545–7553
Sreenithya A, Patel C, Hadad CM, Sunoj RB (2017) ACS Catal 7:4189–4196
Pluta R, Krach PE, Cavallo L, Falivene L, Rueping M (2018) ACS Catal 8:2582–2588
Zhou B, Haj MK, Jacobsen EN, Houk KN, Xue X-S (2018) J Am Chem Soc 140:15206–15218
Shu S, Li Y, Jiang J, Ke Z, Liu Y (2019) J Org Chem 84:458–462
Zhou B, Yan T, Xue X-S, Cheng J-P (2016) Org Lett 18:6128–6131
Zhou B, Xue X-S, Cheng J-P (2017) Tetrahedron Lett 58:1287–1291
Yan T, Zhou B, Xue X-S, Cheng J-P (2016) J Org Chem 81:9006–9011
Andries-Ulmer A, Brunner C, Rehbein J, Gulder T (2018) J Am Chem Soc 140:13034–13041
Sala O, Lüthi HP, Togni A (2014) J Comput Chem 35:2122–2131
Ling L, Liu K, Li X, Li Y (2015) ACS Catal 5:2458–2468
Sala O, Lüthi HP, Togni A, Iannuzzi M, Hutter J (2015) J Comput Chem 36:785–794
Sala O, Santschi N, Jungen S, Lüthi HP, Iannuzzi M, Hauser N, Togni A (2016) Chem A Eur J 22:1704–1713
Sun T-Y, Wang X, Geng H, Xie Y, Wu Y-D, Zhang X, Schaefer III HF (2016) Chem Commun 52:5371–5374
Pinto de Magalhaes H, Luthi HP, Bultinck P (2016) Phys Chem Chem Phys 18:846–856
Pinto de Magalhães H, Togni A, Lüthi HP (2017) J Org Chem 82:11799–11805
Sameera WMC, Maseras F (2012) WIREs Comput Mol Sci 2:375–385
Sperger T, Sanhueza IA, Kalvet I, Schoenebeck F (2015) Chem Rev 115:9532–9586
Lam Y-H, Grayson MN, Holland MC, Simon A, Houk KN (2016) Acc Chem Res 49:750–762
Santoro S, Kalek M, Huang G, Himo F (2016) Acc Chem Res 49:1006–1018
Balcells D, Clot E, Eisenstein O, Nova A, Perrin L (2016) Acc Chem Res 49:1070–1078
Sunoj RB (2016) Acc Chem Res 49:1019–1028
Peng Q, Paton RS (2016) Acc Chem Res 49:1042–1051
Lee C, Yang W, Parr RG (1988) Phys Rev B 37:785–789
Becke AD (1993) J Chem Phys 98:5648–5652
Barone V, Cossi M (1998) J Phys Chem A 102:1995–2001
Cossi M, Rega N, Scalmani G, Barone V (2003) J Comput Chem 24:669–681
Marenich AV, Cramer CJ, Truhlar DG (2009) J Phys Chem B 113:6378–6396
Grimme S, Antony J, Ehrlich S, Krieg H (2010) J Chem Phys 132:154104–154122
Grimme S, Ehrlich S, Goerigk L (2011) J Comput Chem 32:1456–1465
Zhang J, Szabó KJ, Himo F (2017) ACS Catal 7:1093–1100
Kalek M, Himo F (2017) J Am Chem Soc 139:10250–10266
Mai BK, Szabó KJ, Himo F (2018) ACS Catal 8:4483–4492
Jobin-Des Lauriers A, Legault YC (2015) Molecules 20:22635–22644
Izquierdo S, Essafi S, del Rosal I, Vidossich P, Pleixats R, Vallribera A, Ujaque G, Lledós A, Shafir A (2016) J Am Chem Soc 138:12747–12750
Janson PG, Ghoneim I, Ilchenko NO, Szabó KJ (2012) Org Lett 14:2882–2885
Guo X, Hu W (2013) Acc Chem Res 46:2427–2440
Xia Y, Qiu D, Wang J (2017) Chem Rev 117:13810–13889
Werlé C, Goddard R, Philipps P, Farès C, Fürstner A (2016) J Am Chem Soc 138:3797–3805
Wong FM, Wang J, Hengge AC, Wu W (2007) Org Lett 9:1663–1665
Liang Y, Zhou H, Yu Z-X (2009) J Am Chem Soc 131:17783–17785
Xie Z-Z, Liao W-J, Cao J, Guo L-P, Verpoort F, Fang W (2014) Organometallics 33:2448–2456
Xue Y-S, Cai Y-P, Chen Z-X (2015) RSC Adv 5:57781–57791
Liu Y, Luo Z, Zhang JZ, Xia F (2016) J Phys Chem A 120:6485–6492
Mai BK, Szabó KJ, Himo F (2018) Org Lett 20:6646–6649
Acknowledgment
We thank co-workers and collaborators who contributed to this work, in particular Dr. Jiji Zhang and Prof. Kálmán J. Szabó. BKM thanks the Carl-Trygger Foundation for a postdoctoral fellowship. We thank the Knut and Alice Wallenberg Foundation (Dnr: 2018.0066) for financial support.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 2020 Springer Nature Switzerland AG
About this chapter
Cite this chapter
Mai, B.K., Himo, F. (2020). Mechanisms of Metal-Catalyzed Electrophilic F/CF3/SCF3 Transfer Reactions from Quantum Chemical Calculations. In: Lledós, A., Ujaque, G. (eds) New Directions in the Modeling of Organometallic Reactions. Topics in Organometallic Chemistry, vol 67. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/3418_2020_45
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/3418_2020_45
Published:
Publisher Name: Springer, Cham
Print ISBN: 978-3-030-56995-2
Online ISBN: 978-3-030-56996-9
eBook Packages: Chemistry and Materials ScienceChemistry and Material Science (R0)