Abstract
Carbon nanotubes have attracted the fancy of many scientists worldwide. The small dimensions, strength and the remarkable physical properties of these structures make them a very unique material with a whole range of promising applications. In this review we describe some of the important materials science applications of carbon nanotubes. Specifically we discuss the electronic and electrochemical applications of nanotubes, nanotubes as mechanical reinforcements in high performance composites, nanotube-based field emitters, and their use as nanoprobes in metrology and biological and chemical investigations, and as templates for the creation of other nanostructures. Electronic properties and device applications of nanotubes are treated elsewhere in the book. The challenges that ensue in realizing some of these applications are also discussed from the point of view of manufacturing, processing, and cost considerations.
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
Preview
Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.
References
H. W. Kroto, J. R. Heath, S. C. O’Brien, S. C. Curl, R. E. Smalley, Nature 318, 162(1985)
S. Iijima, Nature 354, 56(1991)
M. S. Dresselhaus, G. Dresselhaus, P. C. Eklund, Science of Fullerenes and Carbon Nanotubes(Academic, New York 1996)
T. W. Ebbesen, Carbon Nanotubes: Preparation and Properties(CRC, Boca Raton 1997)
R. Saito, G. Dresselhaus, M. S. Dresselhaus, Physical Properties of Carbon Nanotubes(Imperial College Press, London 1998)
B. I. Yakobson, R. E. Smalley, American Scientist 85, 324(1997)
P. M. Ajayan, Chem. Rev. 99, 1787 (1999)
C. Dekker, Phys. Today, 22(May 1999)
S. G. Louie, see chapter in this volume
P. M. Ajayan, T. Ichihashi, S. Iijima, Chem. Phys. Lett. 202, 384(1993)
D. L. Carroll, P. Redlich, P. M. Ajayan, J. C. Charlier, X. Blase, A. De Vita, R. Car, Phys. Rev. Lett. 78, 2811 (1997)
T. W. Ebbessen, P. M. Ajayan, H. Hiura, K. Tanigaki, Nature 367, 519(1994)
J. Liu, A. Rinzler, H. Dai, J. Hafner, R. Bradley, P. Boul, A. Lu, T. Iverson, K. Shelimov, C. Huffman, F. Rodriguez-Macias, Y. Shon, R. Lee, D. Colbert, R. E. Smalley, Science 280, 1253 (1998)
P. M. Ajayan, S. Iijima, Nature 361, 333(1993)
S. C. Tsang, Y. K. Chen, P. J. F. Harris, M. L. H. Green, Nature 372, 159 (1994)
E. Dujardin, T. W. Ebbesen, T. Hiura, K. Tanigaki, Science 265, 1850 (1994)
M. S. Dresselhaus, G. Dresselhaus, K. Sugihara, I. L. Spain, H. A. Goldberg, Graphite Fibers and Filaments (Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg 1988)
M. S. Dresselhaus, M. Endo, see chapter in this volume
T. W. Ebbesen, P. M. Ajayan, Nature 358, 220(1992)
C. Journet, W. K. Maser, P. Bernier, A. Loiseau, M. Lamy de la Chapelle, S. Lefrant, P. Deniard, R. Lee, J. E. Fischer, Nature 388, 756(1997)
A. Thess, R. Lee, P. Nikdaev, H. Dai, P. Petit, J. Robert, C. Xu, Y. H. Lee, S. G. Kim, A. G. Rinzler, D. T. Colbert, G.E. Scuseria, D. Tomanek, J. E. Fischer, R. E. Smalley, Science 273, 483(1996)
W. Z. Li, S. S. Xie, L. X. Qian, B. H. Chang, B. S. Zou, W. Y. Zhou, R. A. Zhao, G. Wang, Science 274, 1701 (1996)
M. Terrones, N. Grobert, J. Olivares, J. P. Zhang, H. Terrones, K. Kordatos, W. K. Hsu, J. P. Hare, P. D. Townshend, K. Prassides, A. K. Cheetham, H. W. Kroto, Nature 388, 52(1997)
Z. F. Ren, Z. P. Huang, J. W. Xu, J. H. Wang, P. Bush, M. P. Siegal, P. N. Provencio, Science 282, 1105(1998)
J. Kong, H. T. Soh, A. M. Cassell, C. F. Quate, H. Dai, Nature 395, 878 (1998)
R. Gomer, Field Emission and Field Ionization (Harvard Univ. Press, Cambridge, MA 1961)
L. Forró, C. Schönenberger, see chapter in this volume
I. Brodie, C. Spindt, Adv. Electron. Electron Phys. 83, 1(1992)
J. A. Castellano, Handbook of Display Technology (Academic Press, San Diego 1992)
A. W. Scott, Understanding Microwaves (Wiley, New York 1993)
W. Zhu, G. Kochanski, S. Jin, Science 282, 1471(1998)
C. Bower, O. Zhou, W. Zhu, A. G. Ramirez, G. P. Kochanski, S. Jin, in Amorphous and Nanostructured Carbon, J. P. Sullivan, J. R. Robertson, B. F. Coll, T. B. Allen, O. Zhou(Eds.)(Mater. Res. Soc.) (in press)
A. G. Rinzler, J. H. Hafner, P. Nikolaev, L. Lou, S. G. Kim, D. Tomanek, D. Colbert, R. E. Smalley, Science 269, 1550 (1995)
Y. Saito, K. Hamaguchi, T. Nishino, K. Hata, K. Tohji, A. Kasuya, Y. Nishina, Jpn. J. Appl. Phys. 36, L1340–1342,(1997)
P. Collins, A. Zettl, Appl. Phys. Lett. 69, 1969(1996)
Q. H. Wang, T. D. Corrigan, J. Y. Dai, R. P. H. Chang, A. R. Krauss, Appl. Phys. Lett. 70, 3308 (1997)
W. de Heer, A. Chatelain, D. Ugarte, Science 270, 1179 (1995)
O. Kuttel, O. Groening, C. Emmenegger, L. Schlapbach, Appl. Phys. Lett. 73, 2113 (1998)
J. M. Bonnard, J. P. Salvetat, T. Stockli, W. A. de Herr, L. Forro, A. Chatelain, Appl. Phys. Lett. 73, 918(1998)
W. Zhu, C. Bower, O. Zhou, G. P. Kochanski, S. Jin, Appl. Phys. Lett. 75, 873(1999)
K. A. Dean, B. R. Chalamala, J. Appl. Phys. 85, 3832 (1999)
K. A. Dean, B. R. Chalamala, Appl. Phys. Lett. 76, 375(2000)
J. Robertson, J. Vac. Sci. Technol. B 17(1999)
S. Suzuki, C. Bower, Y. Watanabe, O. Zhou, Appl. Phys. Lett. (in press)
Y. Saito, S. Uemura, K. Hamaguchi, Jpn. J. Appl. Phys. 37, L346(1998)
Q. H. Wang, A. A. Setlur, J. M. Lauerhaas, J. Y. Dai, E. W. Seelig, R. H. Chang, Appl. Phys. Lett. 72, 2912 (1998)
W. B. Choi, D. S. Chung, J. H. Kang, H. Y. Kim, Y. W. Jin, I. T. Han, Y. H. Lee, J. E. Jung, N. S. Lee, G. S. Park, J. M. Kim, Appl. Phys. Lett. 75, 20(1999)
R. Standler, Protection of Electronic Circuits from Over-voltages (Wiley, New York 1989)
R. Rosen, W. Simendinger, C. Debbault, H. Shimoda, L. Fleming, B. Stoner, O. Zhou, Appl. Phys. Lett. 76, 1197 (2000)
R. L. McCreery, Electroanal. Chem., 17, (ed. A. J. Bard) (Marcel Dekker, New York 1991)
J. Nugent, K. S. V. Santhanam, A. Rubio, P. M. Ajayan, J. Phys. Chem. submitted
P. J. Britto, K. S. V. Santhanam, P. M. Ajayan, Bioelectrochem. Bioenergetics 41, 121 (1996)
P. J. Britto, K. S. V. Santhanam, A. Rubio, A. Alonso, P. M. Ajayan, Adv. Mater. 11, 154(1999)
G. Che, B. B. Lakshmi, E. R. Fisher, C. R. Martin, Nature 393, 346(1998)
J. M. Planeix, N. Coustel, B. Coq, V. Brotons, P. S. Kumbhar, R. Dutartre, P. Geneste, P. Bernier, P. M. Ajayan, J. Am. Chem. Soc. 116, 7935 (1994)
C. Niu, E. K. Sichel, R. Hoch, D. Moy, D. H. Tennet, Appl. Phys. Lett. 7, 1480 (1997)
M. Whittingham (Ed.), Recent Advances in Rechargeeable Li Batteries, Solid State Ionics 69 (3,4)(1994)
M. Winter, J. Besenhard, K. Spahr, P. Novak, Adv. Mater. 10, 725(1998)
J. R. Dahn, T. Zhang, Y. Liu, J. S. Xue, Science 270, 590 (1995)
V. Avdeev, V. Nalimova, K. Semenenko, High Pressure Res. 6, 11(1990)
E. Frackowiak, S. Gautier, H. Gaucher, S. Bonnamy, F. Beguin, Carbon 37, 61 (1999)
G. T. Wu, C. S. Wang, X. B. Zhang, H. S. Yang, Z. F. Qi, P. M. He, W. Z. Li, J. Electrochem. Soc. 146(5), 1696–1701 (1999)
A. Claye, R. Lee, Z. Benes, J. Fischer, J. Electrochem. Soc.(in press)
B. Gao, A. Kelinhammes, X. P. Tang, C. Bower, Y. Wu, O. Zhou, Chem. Phys. Lett. 307, 153(1999)
O. Zhou, R. M. Fleming, D. W. Murphy, C. T. Chen, R. C. Haddon, A. P. Ramirez, S. H. Glarum, Science 263, 1744 (1994)
S. Suzuki, M. Tomita, J. Appl. Phys. 79, 3739 (1996)
S. Suzuki, C. Bower, O. Zhou, Chem. Phys. Lett. 285, 230(1998)
B. Gao, C. Bower, O. Zhou (unpublished results)
A. C. Dillon, K. M. Jones, T. A. Bekkedahl, C. H. Kiang, D. S. Bethune, M. J. Heben, Nature 386, 377(1997)
P. Chen, X. Wu, J. Lin, K. Tan, Science 285, 91(1999)
C. Liu, Y. Y. Fan, M. Liu, H. T. Cong, H. M. Cheng, M. S. Dresselhaus, Science 286, 1127 (1999)
C. Nutenadel, A. Zuttel, D. Chartouni, L. Schlapbach, Solid-State Lett. 2, 30 (1999)
A. Chambers, C. Park, R. T. K. Baker, N. M. Rodriguez, J. Phys. Chem. B 102, 4253 (1998)
M. S. Dresselhaus, K. A. Williams, P. C. Eklund, MRS Bull., 24, (11), 45 (1999)
M. J. Heben, Kirchberg (private communication)(2000)
M. Pederson, J. Broughton, Phys. Rev. Lett. 69, 2689 (1992)
Y. Ye, C. C. Ahn, C. Witham, B. Fultz, J. Liu, A. G. Rinzler, D. Colbert, K. A. Smith, R. E. Smalley, Appl. Phys. Lett. 74, 2307 (1999)
P. G. Collins, K. Bradley, M. Ishigami, A. Zettl, Science, 287, 1801–1804 (2000)
X. P.Tang, A. Kleinhammes, H. Shimoda, L. Fleming, K. Y. Bennoune, C. Bower, O. Zhou, Y. Wu, Science, 288, 492–494(2000)
J. N. Coleman, A. B. Dalton, S. Curran, A. Rubio, A. P. Davey, A. Drury, B. McCarthy, B. Lahr, P. M. Ajayan, S. Roth, R. C. Barklie, W. Blau, Adv. Mater. 12, 213(2000)
G. Overney, W. Zhong, D. Tomanek, Z. Phys. D 27, 93(1993)
B. I. Yakobson, C. J. Brabec, J. Bernholc, Phys. Rev. Lett. 76, 2511 (1996)
M. M. J. Treacy, T. W. Ebbesen, J. M. Gibson, Nature 381, 678(1996)
E. W. Wong, P. E. Sheehan, C. M. Lieber, Science 277, 1971 (1997)
B. Yakobson, Ph. Avouris, see chapter in this volume. (hoped for chapter)
M. Yu, O. Lourie, M. J. Dyer, K. Moloni, T. F. Kelly, R. S. Ruoff, Science 287, 637(2000)
M. R. Falvo, C. J. Clary, R. M. Taylor, V. Chi, F. P. Brooks, S. Washburn, R. Superfine, Nature 389, 582(1997)
B. I. Yakobson, Appl. Phys. Lett. 72, 918(1998)
A. J. Stone, D. J. Wales, Chem. Phys. Lett. 128, 501(1986)
B. I. Yakobson, C. J. Brabec, J. Bernholc, J. Computer Aided Materials Design 3, 173 (1996)
P. M. Ajayan, O. Stephan, C. Colliex, D. Trauth, Science 265, 1212 (1994)
H. D. Wagner, O. Lourie, Y. Feldman, R. Tenne, Appl. Phys. Lett. 72, 188 (1998)
L. Jin, C. Bower, O. Zhou, Appl. Phys. Lett. 73, 1197 (1998)
L. S. Schadler, S. C. Giannaris, P. M. Ajayan, Appl. Phys. Lett. 73, 26(1999)
C. Bower, R. Rosen, L. Jin, J. Han, O. Zhou, Appl. Phys. Lett. 74, 3317 (1999)
P. Calvert, Nature 399, 210(1999)
P. M. Ajayan, L. S. Schadler, C. Giannaris, A. Rubio, Adv. Mater. (in press)
S. Chang, R. H. Doremus, P. M. Ajayan, R. W. Siegel, unpublished results
S. Curran, P. M. Ajayan, W. Blau, D. L. Carroll, J. Coleman, A. B. Dalton, A. P. Davey, B. McCarthy, A. Strevens, Adv. Mater. 10, 1091 (1998)
H. Ago, K. Petritsch, M. S. P. Shaffer, A. H. Windle, R. H. Friend, Adv. Mater. 11, 1281 (1999)
D. L. Carroll, unpublished results
M. S. P. Shaffer, A. H. Windle, Adv. Mater. 11, 937(1999)
M. Endo, unpublished results
H. J. Dai, J. H. Hafner, A. G. Rinzler, D. T. Colbert, R. E. Smalley, Nature 384, 147(1996)
S. S. Wong, J. D. Harper, P. T. Lansbury C. M. Lieber, J. Am. Chem. Soc. 120, 603(1998)
J. H. Hafner, C. L. Cheung, C. M. Lieber, Nature 398, 761(1999)
P. Kim, C. M. Lieber, Science 286, 2148 (1999)
S. S. Wong, A. T. Woolley, T. W. Odom, J. L. Huang, P. Kim, D. Vezenov, C. Lieber, Appl. Phys. Lett. 73, 3465 (1998)
J. Chen, M. Hamon, H. Hu, Y. Chen, A. Rao, P. C. Eklund, R. C. Haddon, Science 282, 95(1998)
S. S. Wong, E. Joselevich, A. T. Woolley, C. L. Cheung, C. M. Lieber, Nature 394(1998)
R. H. Baughman, C. Cui, A. A. Zhakhidov, Z. Iqbal, J. N. Barisci, G. M. Spinks, G. G. Wallace, A. Mazzoldi, D. D. Rossi, A. G. Rinzler, O. Jaschinski, S. Roth, M. Kertesz, Science 284, 1340 (1999)
J. Kong, N. R. Franklin, C. Zhou, M. C. Chapline, S. Peng, K. Cho, H. Dai, Science 287, 622(2000)
M. R. Pederson, J. Q. Broughton, Phys. Rev. Lett. 69, 2689 (1992)
P. M. Ajayan, T. W. Ebbesen, T. Ichihashi, S. Iijima, K. Tanigaki, H. Hiura, Nature 362, 522(1993)
P. M. Ajayan, O. Stephan, P. Redlich, C. Colliex, Nature 375, 564(1995)
R. S. Ruoff, D. C. Lorents, B. Chan, R. Malhotra, S. Subramoney, Science 259, 346(1992)
C. Guerret-Plecourt, Y. Le Bouar, A. Loiseau, H. Pascard, Nature 372, 761 (1994)
Y. Zhang, K. Suenaga, C. Colliex, S. Iijima, Science 281, 973(1998)
J. Hu, M. Ouyang, P. Yang, C. M. Lieber, Nature 399, 48(1999)
Y. Zhang, T. Ichihashi, E. Landree, F. Nihey, S. Iijima, Science 285, 1719 (1999)
F. Balavoine, P. Schultz, C. Richard, V. Mallouh, T. W. Ebbesen, C. Mioskowsk, Angew. Chem. 111, 2036 (1999)
R. S. Lee, H. J. Kim, J. E. Fischer, A. Thess, R. E. Smalley, Nature 388, 255 (1997)
H. J. Dai, E. W. Wong, Y. Z. Lu, S. S. Fan, C. M. Lieber, Nature 375, 769 (1995)
R. Tenne, A. Zettl, see chapter in this volume
M. Endo, Ph.D. Thesis(1975)
J. C. Charlier, S. Iijima, see chapter in this volume
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 2001 Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg
About this chapter
Cite this chapter
Ajayan, P.M., Zhou, O.Z. (2001). Applications of Carbon Nanotubes. In: Dresselhaus, M.S., Dresselhaus, G., Avouris, P. (eds) Carbon Nanotubes. Topics in Applied Physics, vol 80. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/3-540-39947-X_14
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/3-540-39947-X_14
Published:
Publisher Name: Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg
Print ISBN: 978-3-540-41086-7
Online ISBN: 978-3-540-39947-6
eBook Packages: Springer Book Archive