Skip to main content
SpringerLink
Log in
Book cover

Dysphagia pp 83–106Cite as

Neurology of Swallowing and Dysphagia

  • Chapter

Part of the book series: Medical Radiology ((Med Radiol Diagn Imaging))

Abstract

Neurogenic dysphagia is difficulty swallowing due to neurological diseases and compromises especially the oral and/or pharyngeal stage. The first section of this chapter deals with the neuroanatomy and neurophysiology of swallowing as a basis for a better understanding of neurogenic dysphagia. Then, diagnostic approaches are described comprising history taking, screening examinations, clinical swallowing examination, and instrumental methods. The third section focuses on those neurological diseases which are frequently associated with dysphagia and ends with the description of the problem that only a few pharmacological and invasive therapeutic interventions against neurogenic dysphagia exist. This expressly underlines the need for swallowing therapy and the development of new therapeutic approaches such as electrical pharyngeal or repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulations.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution.

Chapter
USD   29.95
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
eBook
USD   229.00
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as EPUB and PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
Softcover Book
USD   299.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Compact, lightweight edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Learn about institutional subscriptions

References

  • Abele M, Bürk K, Schöls L, Schwartz S, Besenthal I, Dichgans J, Zühlke C, Riess O, Klockgether T (2002) The aetiology of sporadic adult-onset ataxia. Brain 125:961–968

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • AbuRahma AF, Lim RY (1996) Management of vagus nerve injury after carotid endarterectomy. Surgery 119:245–247

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Ajemian MS, Nirmul GB, Anderson MT, Zirlen DM, Kwasnik EM (2001) Routine fiberoptic endoscopic evaluation of swallowing following prolonged intubation: implications for management. Arch Surg 136:434–437

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Akhaddar A, Elasri A, Zalagh M, Boucetta M (2010) Eagle’s syndrome (elongated styloid process). Intern Med 49:1259

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Alfonsi E, Merlo IM, Ponzio M, Montomoli C, Tassorelli C, Biancardi C, Lozza A, Martignoni E (2010) An electrophysiological approach to the diagnosis of neurogenic dysphagia: implications for botulinum toxin treatment. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry 81:54–60

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Anand AK, Chaudhoory AR, Shukla A, Negi PS, Sinha SN, Babu AA, Munjal RK, Dewan AK, Kumar K, Doval DC, Vaid AK (2008) Favourable impact of intensity-modulated radiation therapy on chronic dysphagia in patients with head and neck cancer. Br J Radiol 81:865–871

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Armstrong RW, Fung PC (1993) Brainstem encephalitis (rhombencephalitis) due to Listeria monocytogenes: case report and review. Clin Infect Dis 16:689–702

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Aviv JE, Kaplan ST, Thomson JE, Spitzer J, Diamond B, Close LG (2000) The safety of flexible endoscopic evaluation of swallowing with sensory testing (FEESST): an analysis of 500 consecutive evaluations. Dysphagia 15:39–44

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Bader B, Walker RH, Vogel M, Prosiegel M, McIntosh J, Danek A (2010) Tongue protrusion and feeding dystonia: a hallmark of chorea-acanthocytosis. Mov Disord 25:127–129

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Barritt AW, Smithard DG (2009) Role of cerebral cortex plasticity in the recovery of swallowing function following dysphagic Stroke. Dysphagia 24:83–90

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Bath PM, Bath FJ, Smithard DG (2000) Interventions for dysphagia in acute stroke. Cochrane Database Syst Rev (2):CD000323

    Google Scholar 

  • Bhutani MS (1991) Dysphagia in stiff-man syndrome. Am J Gastroenterol 86:1857–1858

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Brais B, Rouleau GA, Bouchard JP, Fardeau M, Tomé FM (1999) Oculopharyngeal muscular dystrophy. Semin Neurol 19:59–66

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Carnaby G, Hankey GJ, Pizzi J (2006) Behavioural intervention for dysphagia in acute stroke: a randomised controlled trial. Lancet Neurol 5:31–37

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Caudell JJ, Schaner PE, Meredith RF, Locher JL, Nabell LM, Carroll WR, Magnuson JS, Spencer SA, Bonner JA (2009) Factors associated with long-term dysphagia after definitive radiotherapy for locally advanced head-and-neck cancer. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 73:410–415

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Cha TH, Oh DW, Shim JH (2010) Noninvasive treatment strategy for swallowing problems related to prolonged nonoral feeding in spinal muscular atrophy type II. Dysphagia 25:261–264

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Chen BJ (1992) Clinical analysis of 30 cases of stiff-man syndrome. Zhonghua Shen Jing Jing Shen Ke Za Zhi 25:363–365

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Chen MY, Donofrio PD, Frederick MG, Ott DJ, Pikna LA (1996) Videofluoroscopic evaluation of patients with Guillain-Barré syndrome. Dysphagia 11:11–13

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Chiu MJ, MD Chang YC, Hsiao TY (2004) Prolonged effect of botulinum toxin injection in the treatment of cricopharyngeal dysphagia: case report and literature review. Dysphagia 19:52–57

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Cunningham EJ, Bond R, Mayberg MR, Warlow CP, Rothwell PM (2004) Risk of persistent cranial nerve injury after carotid endarterectomy. J Neurosurg 101:445–448

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Daniels SK (2000) Swallowing apraxia: a disorder of the praxis system? Dysphagia 15:159–166

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Daniels SK, McAdam CP, Brailey K, Foundas AL (1997) Clinical assessment of swallowing and prediction of dysphagia severity. Am J Speech Lang Pathol 6:17–24

    Google Scholar 

  • de Swart BJ, van der Sluijs BM, Vos AM, Kalf JG, Knuijt S, Cruysberg JR, van Engelen BG (2006) Ptosis aggravates dysphagia in oculopharyngeal muscular dystrophy. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry 77:266–268

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Dennis MS, Lewis SC, Warlow C, FOOD Trial Collaboration (2005) Effect of timing and method of enteral tube feeding for dysphagic stroke patients (FOOD): a multicentre randomised controlled trial. Lancet 365:764–772

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Doggett DL, Turkelson CM, Coates VC (2002) Recent developments in diagnosis and intervention for aspiration and dysphagia in stroke and other neuromuscular disorders. Curr Atheroscler Rep 4:311–318

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Doty RW, Bosma JR (1956) An electromyographic analysis of reflex deglutition. J Neurophysiol 19:44–60

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Dürr A, Cossee M, Agid Y, Campuzano V, Mignard C, Penet C, Mandel JL, Brice A, Koenig M (1996) Clinical and genetic abnormalities in patients with Friedreich’s ataxia. N Engl J Med 335:1169–1175

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Eckardt VF, Nix W, Kraus W, Bohl J (1986) Esophageal motor function in patients with muscular dystrophy. Gastroenterology 90:628–635

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Edmonds C (1966) Huntington’s chorea, dysphagia and death. Med J Aust 2:273–274

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Ekberg O, Olsson R (1995) The pharyngoesophageal segment: functional disorders. Dis Esophagus 8:252–256

    Google Scholar 

  • Ertekin C, Yüceyar N, Aydogdu Karasoy H (2001) Electrophysiological evaluation of oropharyngeal swallowing in myotonic dystrophy. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry 70:363–371

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Ertekin C, Aydogdu I, Seçil Y, Kiylioglu N, Tarlaci S, Ozdemirkiran T (2002) Oropharyngeal swallowing in craniocervical dystonia. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry 73:406–411

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Farrugia ME, Vincent A (2010) Autoimmune mediated neuromuscular junction defects. Curr Opin Neurol 23:489–495

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Finestone HM, Greene-Finestone LS, Wilson ES, Teasell RW (1996) Prolonged length of stay and reduced functional improvement rate in malnourished stroke rehabilitation patients. Arch Phys Med Rehabil 77:340–345

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Gariballa SE, Parker SG, Taub N, Castleden CM (1998) Influence of nutritional status on clinical outcome after acute stroke. Am J Clin Nutr 68:275–281

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Hamdy S, Aziz Q, Rothwell JC, Singh KD, Barlow J, Hughes DG, Tallis RC, Thompson DG (1996) The cortical topography of human swallowing musculature in health and disease. Nat Med 2:1217–1224

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Hamdy S, Rothwell JC, Brooks DJ, Bailey D, Aziz Q, Thompson DG (1999) Identification of the cerebral loci processing human swallowing with H2(15)O PET activation. J Neurophysiol 81:1917–1926

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Hanayama K, Liu M, Higuchi Y, Fujiwara T, Tsuji T, Hase K, Ishihara T (2008) Dysphagia in patients with Duchenne muscular dystrophy evaluated with a questionnaire and videofluorography. Disabil Rehabil 30:517–522

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Hankey GJ, Warlow CP (1999) Treatment and secondary prevention of stroke: evidence, costs, and effects on individuals and populations. Lancet 354:1457–1463

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Higo R, Nito T, Tayama N (2005) Swallowing function in patients with multiple-system atrophy with a clinical predominance of cerebellar symptoms (MSA-C). Eur Arch Otorhinolaryngol 262:646–650

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Hinchey JA, Shephard T, Furie K, Smith D, Wang D, Tonn S, Stroke Practice Improvement Network Investigators (2005) Formal dysphagia screening protocols prevent pneumonia. Stroke 36:1972–1976

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Houser SM, Calabrese LH, Strome M (1998) Dysphagia in patients with inclusion body myositis. Am J Med 108(Suppl 4a):43S–46S

    Google Scholar 

  • Huckabee ML, Deecke L, Cannito MP, Gould HJ, Mayr W (2003) Cortical control mechanisms in volitional swallowing: the Bereitschaftspotential. Brain Topogr 16:3–17

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Humbert IA, Robbins J (2007) Normal swallowing and functional magnetic resonance imaging: a systematic review. Dysphagia 22:266–275

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Hund E (2001) Critical illness polyneuropathy. Curr Opin Neurol 14:649–653

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Jean A (2001) Brain stem control of swallowing: neuronal network and cellular mechanisms. Physiol Rev 81:929–969

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Jennings KS, Siroky D, Jackson CG (1992) Swallowing problems after excision of tumors of the skull base: diagnosis and management in 12 patients. Dysphagia 7:40–44

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Jones HN, Rosenbek JC (2010) Dysphagia in rare conditions. Plural, San Diego

    Google Scholar 

  • Kelly JH (2000) Management of upper esophageal sphincter disorders: indications and complications of myotomy. Am J Med 108(Suppl 4a):43S–46S

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Kessler KR, Skutta M, Benecke R (1999) Long-term treatment of cervical dystonia with botulinum toxin A: efficacy, safety, and antibody frequency. German Dystonia Study Group. J Neurol 246:265–274

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Kirk EA, Howard VC, Scott CA (1995) Description of posterior fossa syndrome in children after posterior fossa brain tumor surgery. J Pediatr Oncol Nurs 12:181–187

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Kraemer M, Berlit P (2010) Primary central nervous system vasculitis and moyamoya disease: similarities and differences. J Neurol 257:816–819

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Kühnlein P, Gdynia HJ, Sperfeld AD, Lindner-Pfleghar B, Ludolph AC, Prosiegel M, Riecker A, Medscape (2008) Diagnosis and treatment of bulbar symptoms in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. Nat Clin Pract Neurol 4:366–374

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Lampl C, Yazdi K (2002) Central pontine myelinolysis. Eur Neurol 47:3–10

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Lang IM, Shaker R (1997) Anatomy and physiology of the upper esophageal sphincter. Am J Med 103:50S–55S

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Lang IM, Dantas RO, Cook IJ, Dodds WJ (1991) Videoradiographic, manometric and electromyographic assessment of upper esophageal sphincter. Am J Physiol 260:G911–G919

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Lee MJ, Bazaz R, Furey CG, Yoo J (2007) Risk factors for dysphagia after anterior cervical spine surgery: a two-year prospective cohort study. Spine J 7:141–147

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Levine R, Robbins JA, Maser A (1992) Periventricular white matter changes and oropharyngeal swallowing in normal individuals. Dysphagia 7:142–147

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Lin YS, Jen YM, Lin JC (2002) Radiation-related cranial nerve palsy in patients with nasopharyngeal carcinoma. Cancer 95:404–409

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Litvan I, Mangone CA, McKee A, Verny M, Parsa A, Jellinger K, D’Olhaberriague L, Chaudhuri KR, Pearce RK (1996) Natural history of progressive supranuclear palsy (Steele-Richardson-Olszewski syndrome) and clinical predictors of survival: a clinicopathological study. Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry 60:615–620

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Machado A, Chien HF, Deguti MM, Cançado E, Azevedo RS, Scaff M, Barbosa ER (2006) Neurological manifestations in Wilson’s disease: report of 119 cases. Mov Disord 21:2192–2196

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Mann G, Hankey GJ, Cameron D (2000) Swallowing disorders following acute stroke: prevalence and diagnostic accuracy. Cerebrovasc Dis 10:380–386

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Martin RE, Neary ME, Diamant NE (1997) Dysphagia following anterior cervical spine surgery. Dysphagia 12:2–8

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Mazzucco S, Ferrari S, Mezzina C, Tomelleri G, Bertolasi L, Rizzuto N (2006) Hyperpyrexia-triggered relapses in an unusual case of ataxic chronic inflammatory demyelinating polyradiculoneuropathy. Neurol Sci 27:176–179

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Messina S, Pane M, De Rose P, Vasta I, Sorleti D, Aloysius A, Sciarra F, Mangiola F, Kinali M, Bertini E, Mercuri E (2008) Feeding problems and malnutrition in spinal muscular atrophy type II. Neuromuscul Disord 18:389–393

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Miller AJ (1993) The search for the central swallowing pathway: the quest for clarity. Dysphagia 8:185–194

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Mosier K, Bereznaya I (2001) Parallel cortical networks for volitional control of swallowing in humans. Exp Brain Res 140:280–289

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Mu L, Sanders I (2007) Neuromuscular specializations within human pharyngeal constrictor muscles. Ann Otol Rhinol Laryngol 116:604–617

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Müller J, Wenning GK, Verny M, McKee A, Chaudhuri KR, Jellinger K, Poewe W, Litvan I (2001) Progression of dysarthria and dysphagia in postmortem-confirmed parkinsonian disorders. Arch Neurol 58:259–264

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Murtagh RD, Caracciolo JT, Fernandez G (2001) CT findings associated with Eagle syndrome. AJNR Am J Neuroradiol 22:1401–1402

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Nakagawa T, Wada H, Sekizawa K, Arai H, Sasaki H (1999) Amantadine and pneumonia. Lancet 353:1157

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Newton HB, Newton C, Pearl D, Davidson T (1994) Swallowing assessment in primary brain tumor patients with dysphagia. Neurology 44:1927–1932

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Nguyen NP, Moltz CC, Frank C, Vos P, Smith HJ, Karlsson U, Dutta S, Midyett FA, Barloon J, Sallah S (2004) Dysphagia following chemoradiation for locally advanced head and neck cancer. Ann Oncol 15:383–388

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Nogalska A, D’Agostino C, Engel WK, Klein WL, Askanas V (2010) Novel demonstration of amyloid-β oligomers in sporadic inclusion-body myositis muscle fibers. Acta Neuropathol 120:661–666

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Oestreicher-Kedem Y, Agrawal S, Jackler RK, Damrose EJ (2010) Surgical rehabilitation of voice and swallowing after jugular foramen surgery. Ann Otol Rhinol Laryngol 119:192–198

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Oh TH, Brumfield KA, Hoskin TL, Stolp KA, Murray JA, Bassford JR (2007) Dysphagia in inflammatory myopathy: clinical characteristics, treatment strategies, and outcome in 62 patients. Mayo Clin Proc 82:441–447

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Ohkubo T, Chapman N, Neal B, Woodward M, Omae T, Chalmers J, Perindopril Protection Against Recurrent Stroke Study Collaborative Group (2004) Effects of an angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor-based regimen on pneumonia risk. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 169:1041–1045

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Oommen ER, Kim Y, McCullough G (2010) Stage transition and laryngeal closure in poststroke patients with dysphagia. Dysphagia. doi:10.1007/s00455-010-9314-0

  • O’Sullivan SS, Massey LA, Williams DR, Silveira-Moriyama L, Kempster PA, Holton JL, Revesz T, Lees AJ (2008) Clinical outcomes of progressive supranuclear palsy and multiple system atrophy. Brain 131:1362–1372

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Paulig M, Prosiegel M (2002) Misdiagnosis of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis in a patient with dysphagia due to Chiari I malformation. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry 72:270

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Payne S, Wilkins D, Howard R (2005) An unusual cause of dysphagia. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry 76:146

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Penfield W, Boldrey E (1937) Somatic motor and sensory representation in the cerebral cortex of man as studied by electrical stimulation. Brain Res 60:389–443

    Google Scholar 

  • Perry L (2001a) Screening swallowing function of patients with acute stroke. Part one: identification, implementation and initial evaluation of a screening tool for use by nurses. J Clin Nurs 10:463–473

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Perry L (2001b) Screening swallowing function of patients with acute stroke. Part two: detailed evaluation of the tool used by nurses. J Clin Nurs 10:474–481

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Pfeiffer RF (2003) Gastrointestinal dysfunction in Parkinson’s disease. Lancet Neurol 2:107–116

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Piagkou M, Anagnostopoulou S, Kouladouros K, Piagkos G (2009) Eagle’s syndrome: a review of the literature. Clin Anat 22:545–558

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Pittock SJ, Lucchinetti CF, Lennon VA (2003) Anti-neuronal nuclear autoantibody type 2: paraneoplastic accompaniments. Ann Neurol 53:580–587

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Power ML, Hamdy S, Singh S, Tyrrell PJ, Turnbull I, Thompson DG (2007) Deglutitive laryngeal closure in stroke patients. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry 78:141–146

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Prosiegel M, Schelling A, Wagner-Sonntag E (2004) Dysphagia and multiple sclerosis. Int MS J 11:22–31

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Prosiegel M, Höling R, Heintze M, Wagner-Sonntag E, Wiseman K (2005a) The localization of central pattern generators for swallowing in humans––a clinical-anatomical study on patients with unilateral paresis of the vagal nerve, Avellis’ syndrome, Wallenberg’s syndrome, posterior fossa tumours and cerebellar hemorrhage. Acta Neurochirurg 93:85–88

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Prosiegel M, Höling R, Heintze M, Wagner-Sonntag E, Wiseman K (2005b) Swallowing therapy—a prospective study on patients with neurogenic dysphagia due to unilateral paresis of the vagal nerve, Avellis’ syndrome, Wallenberg’s syndrome, posterior fossa tumours and cerebellar hemorrhage. Acta Neurochirurg 93:35–37

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Ramsey D, Smithard D, Kalra L (2005) Silent aspiration: what do we know? Dysphagia 20:218–225

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Riecker A, Gastl R, Kühnlein P, Kassubek J, Prosiegel M (2009) Dysphagia due to unilateral infarction in the vascular territory of the anterior insula. Dysphagia 24:114–118

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Robbins J, Levin RL (1988) Swallowing after unilateral stroke of the cerebral cortex: preliminary experience. Dysphagia 3:11–17

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Rüb U, Brunt ER, Petrasch-Parwez E, Schöls L, Theegarten D, Auburger G, Seidel K, Schultz C, Gierga K, Paulson H, van Broeckhoven C, Deller T, de Vos RA (2006) Degeneration of ingestion-related brainstem nuclei in spinocerebellar ataxia type 2, 3, 6 and 7. Neuropathol Appl Neurobiol 32:635–649

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Saiz A, Bruna J, Stourac P, Vigliani MC, Giometto B, Grisold W, Honnorat J, Psimaras D, Voltz R, Graus F (2009) Anti-Hu-associated brainstem encephalitis. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry 80:404–407

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Smiatacz T, Kowalik MM, Hlebowicz M (2006) Prolonged dysphagia due to Listeria-rhombencephalitis with brainstem abscess and acute polyradiculoneuritis. J Infect 52:165–167

    Google Scholar 

  • Sonies  , Dalakas   (1991) Dysphagia in patients with the post-polio syndrome. N Engl J Med 324:1162–1167

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Souayah N, Nasar A, Suri MF, Qureshi AI (2007) Guillain-Barre syndrome after vaccination in United States a report from the CDC/FDA vaccine adverse event reporting system. Vaccine 25:5253–5255

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Stickler D, Gilmore R, Rosenbek JC, Donovan NJ (2003) Dysphagia with bilateral lesions of the insular cortex. Dysphagia 18:179–181

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Stübgen JP (2008) Facioscapulohumeral muscular dystrophy: a radiologic and manometric study of the pharynx and esophagus. Dysphagia 23:341–347

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Suiter DM, Leder SB (2008) Clinical utility of the 3-ounce water swallow test. Dysphagia 23:244–250

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Teismann IK, Dziewas R, Steinstraeter O, Pantev C (2009) Time-dependent hemispheric shift of the cortical control of volitional swallowing. Hum Brain Mapp 30:92–100

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Thexton AJ, Crompton AW, German RZ (2007) Electromyographic activity during the reflex pharyngeal swallow in the pig: Doty and Bosma (1956) revisited. J Appl Physiol 102:587–600

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Tolep K, Getch CL, Criner GJ (1996) Swallowing dysfunction in patients receiving prolonged mechanical ventilation. Chest 109:167–172

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • van Rij CM, Oughlane-Heemsbergen WD, Ackerstaff AH, Lamers EA, Balm AJ, Rasch CR (2008) Parotid gland sparing IMRT for head and neck cancer improves xerostomia related quality of life. Radiat Oncol 3:41

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Vanderveldt HS, Young MF (2004) The evaluation of dysphagia after anterior cervical spine surgery: a case report. Dysphagia 18:301–304

    Google Scholar 

  • Velázquez JM, Montero RG, Garrido JA, Tejerina AA (1999) Lower cranial nerve involvement as the initial manifestation of Lyme borreliosis. Neurologia 14:36–37

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Walsh RJ, Amato AA (2005) Toxic myopathies. Neurol Clin 23:397–428

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Wesling M, Brady S, Jensen M, Nickell M, Statkus D, Escobar N (2003) Dysphagia outcomes in patients with brain tumors undergoing inpatient rehabilitation. Dysphagia 18:203–210

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Williams RBH, Wallace KL, Ali GN, Cook IJ (2002) Biomechanics of failed deglutitive upper esophageal sphincter relaxation in neurogenic dysphagia. Am J Physiol Gastrointest Liver Physiol 283:G16–G26

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Yamaguchi M, Arai K, Asahina M, Hattori T (2003) Laryngeal stridor in multiple system atrophy. Eur Neurol 49:154–159

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Zografos GN, Georgiadou D, Thomas D, Kaltsas G, Digalakis M (2009) Drug-induced esophagitis. Dis Esophagus 22:633–637

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Abteilung Neurologie, m&i-Fachklinik Bad Heilbrunn, Wörnerweg 30, 83670, Bad Heilbrunn, Germany

    Mario Prosiegel

Authors
  1. Mario Prosiegel
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Mario Prosiegel .

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

  1. Skåne University Hospital, Dept. Clinical Sciences/, Lund University, Södra Förstadsgatan 101, Malmö, 205 02, Sweden

    Olle Ekberg

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 2011 Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg

About this chapter

Cite this chapter

Prosiegel, M. (2011). Neurology of Swallowing and Dysphagia. In: Ekberg, O. (eds) Dysphagia. Medical Radiology(). Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/174_2011_339

Download citation

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/174_2011_339

  • Publisher Name: Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg

  • Print ISBN: 978-3-642-17886-3

  • Online ISBN: 978-3-642-17887-0

  • eBook Packages: MedicineMedicine (R0)

Publish with us

Policies and ethics

Search

Navigation