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Microgels by Precipitation Polymerization: Synthesis, Characterization, and Functionalization

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Chemical Design of Responsive Microgels

Part of the book series: Advances in Polymer Science ((POLYMER,volume 234))

Abstract

This chapter reviews recent work on the synthesis of aqueous microgel particles by precipitation polymerization. Precipitation polymerization allows flexible control over important physicochemical properties of aqueous microgels, such as size distribution, surface charge, chemical composition, and microstructure. The microgel systems discussed in this review are mainly based on poly(N-isopropyl acrylamide) and poly(N-vinylcaprolactam) due to their ability to react to external stimuli such as the pH or temperature of the surrounding medium. We discuss synthetic routes to obtain microgels based on homo- or copolymers as well as colloids with complex core–shell morphology. The functionalization of microgels is of crucial importance from the application point of view. Different routes for incorporation of functional groups, synthetic polymers, proteins, or nanoparticles in microgel structures are discussed.

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Abbreviations

AAc:

Acrylic acid

AAEM:

Acetoacetoxyethyl methacrylate

AEP:

Aminoethyl phosphate

AMPA:

2,2′-Azobis(2-methylpropyonamidine) dihydrochloride

BIS:

N, N-methylene bisacrylamide

DEAEMA:

2-(Diethylamino)ethyl methacrylate

DLS:

Dynamic light scattering

EDOT:

Ethylenedioxythiophene

EDX:

Energy dispersive X-ray

EGMAP:

Ethyleneglycol methacrylate phosphate

GMA:

Glycidyl methacrylate

HAp:

Hydroxyapatite

IR:

Infrared

LCST:

Lower critical solution temperature

MAAc:

Methacrylic acid

MMA:

Methyl methacrylate

NIPAAm:

N-Isopropylacrylamide

NPs:

Nanoparticles

PCS:

Photon correlation spectroscopy

PEGMA:

Poly(ethylene glycol) methacrylate

PEGMEMA:

Poly(ethylene glycol) methacrylester

PSD:

Particle size distribution

PVA:

Polyvinyl alcohol

R g :

Radius of gyration

R h :

Hydrodynamic radius

SEM:

Scanning electron microscopy

SLS:

Static light scattering

STEM:

Scanning transmission electron microscopy

TEM:

Transmission electron microscopy

UV:

Ultraviolet

VCL:

N-Vinylcaprolactam

VIm:

Vinylimidazole

VPTT:

Volume phase transition temperature

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Acknowledgment

The authors thank the Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft and VolkswagenStiftung for financial support of their research.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Functional and Interactive Polymers, DWI RWTH Aachen University, 52056, Aachen, Germany

    Andrij Pich

  2. Institute of Physical Chemistry, RWTH Aachen University, 52074, Aachen, Germany

    Walter Richtering

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  1. Andrij Pich
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  2. Walter Richtering
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Correspondence to Andrij Pich or Walter Richtering .

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Editors and Affiliations

  1. DWI an der RWTH Aachen e.V., Pauwelsstraße 8, Aachen, 52056, Germany

    Andrij Pich

  2. Inst. Physikalische Chemie, RWTH Aachen, Landoltweg 2, Aachen, 52056, Germany

    Walter Richtering

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Pich, A., Richtering, W. (2010). Microgels by Precipitation Polymerization: Synthesis, Characterization, and Functionalization. In: Pich, A., Richtering, W. (eds) Chemical Design of Responsive Microgels. Advances in Polymer Science, vol 234. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/12_2010_70

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