Skip to main content
SpringerLink
Log in
Book cover

Integration/Interaction of Oncologic Growth pp 323–333Cite as

Integrin-Mediated Resistance to Chemotherapy-Induced Apoptosis in Cancer Cells

  • Chapter

  • 536 Accesses

Part of the book series: Cancer Growth and Progression ((CAGP,volume 15))

Abstract

Tumour recurrence following chemotherapy remains a major obstacle to successful cancer treatment limiting both survival times and cure rates. The problem of residual disease has given rise to the hypothesis that some chemotherapy-naïve tumour cells are able to evade the initial pro-apoptotic effects of chemotherapy. The identification of drug resistance mechanisms offers a potential strategy for improving the efficacy of cancer chemotherapy. Until recently investigation of drug resistance has predominantly focussed on mechanisms selected for by chronic drug exposure. However, despite the identification of several mechanisms, no unifying hypothesis has been described to explain how these mechanisms interact to allow a tumour cell to evade death induced by early exposure to chemotherapeutic agents. Recently, several groups have described an integrin-mediated mechanism of drug resistance to chemotherapy. In this chapter we review the work that has been undertaken to elucidate the mechanisms underlying this phenomenon. The identification of signalling pathways underlying integrin-mediated drug resistance offers the possibility of designing novel therapeutic agents that could be administered in conjunction with conventional chemotherapy in order to augment chemosensitivity.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution.

Chapter
USD   29.95
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
eBook
USD   169.00
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
Softcover Book
USD   219.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Compact, lightweight edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info
Hardcover Book
USD   219.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Durable hardcover edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Learn about institutional subscriptions

Preview

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

References

  1. Greenlee, R. T., Hill-Harmon, M. B., Murray, T., and Thun, M., 2001, Cancer statistics. CA Cancer J Clin, 51:15–36.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  2. Simon, G., Ginsberg, R. J., and Ruckdeschel, J. C., 2001, Small-cell lung cancer. Chest Surg Clin N Am, 11:165–188, ix.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  3. Green, R. A., Humphrey, E., Close, H., and Patno, M. E., 1969, Alkylating agents in bronchogenic carcinoma. Am J Med, 46:516–525.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  4. Kartner, N., Riordan, J. R., and Ling, V., 1983, Cell surface P-glycoprotein associated with multidrug resistance in mammalian cell lines. Science, 221:1285–1288.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  5. Roninson, I. B., Chin, J. E., Choi, K. G., Gros, P., Housman, D. E., Fojo, A., Shen, D. W., Gottesman, M. M., and Pastan, I., 1986, Isolation of human mdr DNA sequences amplified in multidrug-resistant KB carcinoma cells. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA, 83:4538–4542.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  6. Cole, S. P., Bhardwaj, G., Gerlach, J. H., Mackie, J. E., Grant, C. E., Almquist, K. C., Stewart, A. J., Kurz, E. U., Duncan, A. M., and Deeley, R. G., 1992, Overexpression of a transporter gene in a multidrug-resistant human lung cancer cell line. Science, 258:1650–1654.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  7. Doyle, L. A., Yang, W., Abruzzo, L. V., Krogmann, T., Gao, Y., Rishi, A. K., and Ross, D. D., 1998, A multidrug resistance transporter from human MCF-7 breast cancer cells. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA, 95:15665–15670.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  8. Scheffer, G. L., Wijngaard, P. L., Flens, M. J., Izquierdo, M. A., Slovak, M. L., Pinedo, H. M., Meijer, C. J., Clevers, H. C., and Scheper, R. J., 1995, The drug resistance-related protein LRP is the human major vault protein. Nat Med, 1:578–582.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  9. Hall, A. G., 1999, Glutathione and the regulation of cell death. Adv Exp Med Biol, 457:199–203.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  10. Salinas, A. E. and Wong, M. G., 1999, Glutathione S-transferases—a review. Curr Med Chem, 6:279–309.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  11. Kaufmann, S. H., 1989, Induction of endonucleolytic DNA cleavage in human acute myelogenous leukemia cells by etoposide, camptothecin, and other cytotoxic anticancer drugs: a cautionary note. Cancer Res, 49:5870–5878.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  12. Narasaki, F., Matsuo, I., Ikuno, N., Fukuda, M., Soda, H., and Oka, M., 1996, Multidrug resistance-associated protein (MRP) gene expression in human lung cancer. Anticancer Res, 16:2079–2082.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  13. Nooter, K., Bosman, F. T., Burger, H., van Wingerden, K. E., Flens, M. J., Scheper, R. J., Oostrum, R. G., Boersma, A. W., van der, G. A., and Stoter, G., 1996, Expression of the multidrug resistance-associated protein (MRP) gene in primary non-small-cell lung cancer. Ann Oncol, 7:75–81.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  14. Kreisholt, J., Sorensen, M., Jensen, P. B., Nielsen, B. S., Andersen, C. B., and Sehested, M., 1998, Immunohistochemical detection of DNA topoisomerase IIalpha, P-glycoprotein and multidrug resistance protein (MRP) in small-cell and non-small-cell lung cancer. Br J Cancer, 77:1469–1473.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  15. Teicher, B. A., Herman, T. S., Holden, S. A., Wang, Y. Y., Pfeffer, M. R., Crawford, J. W., and Frei, E., III, 1990, Tumor resistance to alkylating agents conferred by mechanisms operative only in vivo. Science, 247:1457–1461.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  16. Lotem, J. and Sachs, L., 1992, Hematopoietic cytokines inhibit apoptosis induced by transforming growth factor beta 1 and cancer chemotherapy compounds in myeloid leukemic cells. Blood, 80: 1750–1757.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  17. Dias, S., Choy, M., Alitalo, K., and Rafii, S., 2002, Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF)-C signaling through FLT-4 (VEGFR-3) mediates leukemic cell proliferation, survival, and resistance to chemotherapy. Blood, 99:2179–2184.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  18. Xu, W., Liu, L., Smith, G. C., and Charles, G., 2000, Nitric oxide upregulates expression of DNA-PKcs to protect cells from DNA-damaging anti-tumour agents. Nat Cell Biol, 2:339–345.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  19. Teicher, B. A., Ikebe, M., Ara, G., Keyes, S. R., and Herbst, R. S., 1997, Transforming growth factor-beta 1 overexpression produces drug resistance in vivo: reversal by decorin. In Vivo, 11:463–472.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  20. Desoize, B., Gimonet, D., and Jardiller, J. C., 1998, Cell culture as spheroids: an approach to multicellular resistance. Anticancer Res, 18:4147–4158.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  21. Durand, R. E. and Sutherland, R. M., 1972, Effects of intercellular contact on repair of radiation damage. Exp Cell Res, 71:75–80.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  22. Desoize, B. and Jardillier, J., 2000 Multicellular resistance: a paradigm for clinical resistance? Crit Rev Oncol Hematol, 36:193–207.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  23. Sethi, T., Rintoul, R. C., Moore, S. M., MacKinnon, A. C., Salter, D., Choo, C., Chilvers, E. R., Dransfield, I., Donnelly, S. C., Strieter, R., and Haslett, C., 1999, Extracellular matrix proteins protect small cell lung cancer cells against apoptosis: a mechanism for small cell lung cancer growth and drug resistance in vivo. Nat Med, 5:662–668.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  24. Jin, H. and Varner, J., 2004, Integrins: roles in cancer development and as treatment targets. Br J Cancer, 90:561–565.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  25. Hirasawa, M., Shijubo, N., Uede, T., and Abe, S., 1994, Integrin expression and ability to adhere to extracellular matrix proteins and endothelial cells in human lung cancer lines. Br J Cancer, 70:466–473.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  26. Falcioni, R., Cimino, L., Gentileschi, M. P., D'Agnano, I., Zupi, G., Kennel, S. J., and Sacchi, A., 1994, Expression of beta 1, beta 3, beta 4, and beta 5 integrins by human lung carcinoma cells of different histotypes. Exp Cell Res, 210:113–122.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  27. Damiano, J. S., Cress, A. E., Hazlehurst, L. A., Shtil, A. A., and Dalton, W. S., 1999, Cell adhesion mediated drug resistance (CAM-DR): role of integrins and resistance to apoptosis in human myeloma cell lines. Blood, 93:1658–1667.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  28. Damiano, J. S., Hazlehurst, L. A., and Dalton, W. S., 2001, Cell adhesion-mediated drug resistance (CAM-DR) protects the K562 chronic myelogenous leukemia cell line from apoptosis induced by BCR/ABL inhibition, cytotoxic drugs, and gamma-irradiation. Leukemia, 15:1232–1239.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  29. Hazlehurst, L. A., Damiano, J. S., Buyuksal, I., Pledger, W. J., and Dalton, W. S., 2000, Adhesion to fibronectin via beta1 integrins regulates p27kip1 levels and contributes to cell adhesion mediated drug resistance (CAM-DR). Oncogene, 19:4319–4327.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  30. Aoudjit, F. and Vuori, K., 2001, Integrin signaling inhibits paclitaxel-induced apoptosis in breast cancer cells. Oncogene, 20:4995–5004.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  31. Uhm, J. H., Dooley, N. P., Kyritsis, A. P., Rao, J. S., and Gladson, C. L., 1999, Vitronectin, a glioma-derived extracellular matrix protein, protects tumor cells from apoptotic death. Clin Cancer Res, 5:1587–1594.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  32. Kornberg, L. J., Earp, H. S., Turner, C. E., Prockop, C., and Juliano, R. L., 1991, Signal transduction by integrins: increased protein tyrosine phosphorylation caused by clustering of beta 1 integrins. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA, 88:8392–8396.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  33. Burridge, K., Turner, C. E., and Romer, L. H., 1992, Tyrosine phosphorylation of paxillin and pp125FAK accompanies cell adhesion to extracellular matrix: a role in cytoskeletal assembly. J Cell Biol, 119:893–903.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  34. Schaller, M. D., Borgman, C. A., Cobb, B. S., Vines, R. R., Reynolds, A. B., and Parsons, J. T., 1992, pp125FAK a structurally distinctive protein-tyrosine kinase associated with focal adhesions. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA, 89:5192–5196.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  35. Hanks, S. K., Calalb, M. B., Harper, M. C., and Patel, S. K., 1992, Focal adhesion protein-tyrosine kinase phosphorylated in response to cell attachment to fibronectin. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA, 89:8487–8491.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  36. Vuori, K., Hirai, H., Aizawa, S., and Ruoslahti, E., 1996, Introduction of p130cas signaling complex formation upon integrin-mediated cell adhesion: a role for Src family kinases. Mol Cell Biol, 16:2606–2613.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  37. Abassi, Y. A., Rehn, M., Ekman, N., Alitalo, K., and Vuori, K., 2003, p130Cas Couples the tyrosine kinase Bmx/Etk with regulation of the actin cytoskeleton and cell migration. J Biol Chem, 278:35636–35643.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  38. Schlaepfer, D. D. and Hunter, T., 1997, Focal adhesion kinase overexpression enhances ras-dependent integrin signaling to ERK2/mitogen-activated protein kinase through interactions with and activation of c-Src. J Biol Chem, 272:13189–13195.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  39. Chen, H. C., Appeddu, P. A., Isoda, H., and Guan, J. L., 1996, Phosphorylation of tyrosine 397 in focal adhesion kinase is required for binding phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase. J Biol Chem, 271:26329–26334.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  40. Frisch, S. M. and Francis, H., 1994, Disruption of epithelial cell-matrix interactions induces apoptosis. J Cell Biol, 124:619–626.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  41. Khwaja, A., Rodriguez-Viciana, P., Wennstrom, S., Warne, P. H., and Downward, J., 1997, Matrix adhesion and Ras transformation both activate a phosphoinositide 3-OH kinase and protein kinase B/Akt cellular survival pathway. EMBO J, 16:2783–2793.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  42. Matsunaga, T., Takemoto, N., Sato, T., Takimoto, R., Tanaka, I., Fujimi, A., Akiyama, T., Kuroda, H., Kawano, Y., Kobune, M., Kato, J., Hirayama, Y., Sakamaki, S., Kohda, K., Miyake, K., and Niitsu, Y., 2003, Interaction between leukemic-cell VLA-4 and stromal fibronectin is a decisive factor for minimal residual disease of acute myelogenous leukemia. Nat Med, 9:1158–1165.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  43. Hazlehurst, L. A. and Dalton, W. S., 2001, Mechanisms associated with cell adhesion mediated drug resistance (CAM-DR) in hematopoietic malignancies. Cancer Metastasis Rev, 20:43–50.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  44. Krystal, G. W., Sulanke, G., and Litz, J., 2002, Inhibition of phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase-Akt signaling blocks growth, promotes apoptosis, and enhances sensitivity of small cell lung cancer cells to chemotherapy. Mol Cancer Ther, 1:913–922.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  45. Brognard, J., Clark, A. S., Ni, Y., and Dennis, P. A., 2001, Akt/protein kinase B is constitutively active in non-small cell lung cancer cells and promotes cellular survival and resistance to chemotherapy and radiation. Cancer Res, 61:3986–3997.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  46. Schmidt, M., Hovelmann, S., and Beckers, T. L., 2002, A novel form of constitutively active farnesylated Akt1 prevents mammary epithelial cells from anoikis and suppresses chemotherapy-induced apoptosis. Br J Cancer, 87:924–932.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  47. Knuefermann, C., Lu, Y., Liu, B., Jin, W., Liang, K., Wu, L., Schmidt, M., Mills, G. B., Mendelsohn, J., and Fan, Z., 2003. HER2/PI-3K/Akt activation leads to a multidrug resistance in human breast adenocarcinoma cells. Oncogene, 22:3205–3212.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  48. Damiano, J. S., 2002, Integrins as novel drug targets for overcoming innate drug resistance. Curr Cancer Drug Targets, 2:37–43.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  49. Aoudjit, F. and Vuori, K., 2001, Matrix attachment regulates Fas-induced apoptosis in endothelial cells: a role for c-flip and implications for anoikis. J Cell Biol, 152:633–643.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  50. Le Gall, M., Chambard, J. C., Breittmayer, J. P., Grall, D., Pouyssegur, J., and Obberghen-Schilling, E., 2000, The p42/p44 MAP kinase pathway prevents apoptosis induced by anchorage and serum removal. Mol Biol Cell, 11:1103–1112.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  51. MacKeigan, J. P., Collins, T. S., and Ting, J. P., 2000, MEK inhibition enhances paclitaxel-induced tumor apoptosis. J Biol Chem, 275:38953–38956.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  52. Zhang, H., Ozaki, I., Mizuta, T., Matsuhashi, S., Yoshimura, T., Hisatomi, A., Tadano, J., Sakai, T., and Yamamoto, K., 2002, Beta 1-integrin protects hepatoma cells from chemotherapy induced apoptosis via a mitogen-activated protein kinase dependent pathway. Cancer, 95:896–906.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  53. Pardo, O. E., Lesay, A., Arcaro, A., Lopes, R., Ng, B. L., Warne, P. H., McNeish, I. A., Tetley, T. D., Lemoine, N. R., Mehmet, H., Seckl, M. J., and Downward, J., 2003, Fibroblast growth factor 2-mediated translational control of IAPs blocks mitochondrial release of Smac/DIABLO and apoptosis in small cell lung cancer cells. Mol Cell Biol, 23:7600–7610.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  54. Pardo, O. E., Arcaro, A., Salerno, G., Raguz, S., Downward, J., and Seckl, M. J., 2002, Fibroblast growth factor-2 induces translational regulation of Bcl-XL and Bcl-2 via a MEK-dependent pathway: correlation with resistance to etoposide-induced apoptosis. J Biol Chem, 277:12040–12046.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  55. Downward, J., 1998, Mechanisms and consequences of activation of protein kinase B/Akt. Curr Opin Cell Biol, 10:262–267.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  56. Brazil, D. P., Park, J., and Hemmings, B. A., 2002, PKB binding proteins. Getting in on the Akt. Cell, 111:293–303.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  57. del Peso, L., Gonzalez-Garcia, M., Page, C., Herrera, R., and Nunez, G., 1997, Interleukin-3-induced phosphorylation of BAD through the protein kinase Akt Science, 278:687–689.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  58. Datta, S. R., Dudek, H., Tao, X., Masters, S., Fu, H., Gotoh, Y., and Greenberg, M. E., 1997, Akt phosphorylation of BAD couples survival signals to the cell-intrinsic death machinery. Cell, 91:231–241.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  59. de la Fuente, M. T., Casanova, B., Cantero, E., Hernandez, d. C., Garcia-Marco, J., Silva, A., and Garcia-Pardo, A., 2003, Involvement of p53 in alpha4beta1 integrin-mediated resistance of B-CLL cells to fludarabine. Biochem Biophys Res Commun, 311:708–712.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  60. Kouniavsky, G., Khaikin, M., Zvibel, I., Zippel, D., Brill, S., Halpern, Z., and Papa, M., 2002, Stromal extracellular matrix reduces chemotherapy-induced apoptosis in colon cancer cell lines. Clin Exp Metastasis, 19:55–60.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  61. Schwartz, M. A. and Assoian, R. K., 2001, Integrins and cell proliferation: regulation of cyclin-dependent kinases via cytoplasmic signaling pathways. J Cell Sci, 114:2553–2560.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  62. Hannun, Y. A., 1997, Apoptosis and the dilemma of cancer chemotherapy. Blood, 89:1845–1853.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  63. St Croix, B., Florenes, V. A., Rak, J. W., Flanagan, M., Bhattacharya, N., Slingerland, J. M., and Kerbel, R. S., 1996, Impact of the cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor p27Kip1 on resistance of tumor cells to anticancer agents. Nat Med, 2:1204–1210.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  64. Katayose, Y., Kim, M., Rakkar, A. N., Li, Z., Cowan, K. H., and Seth, P., 1997, Promoting apoptosis: a novel activity associated with the cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor p27. Cancer Res, 57:5441–5445.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  65. Hazlehurst, L. A., Valkov, N., Wisner, L., Storey, J. A., Boulware, D., Sullivan, D. M., and Dalton, W. S., 2001, Reduction in drug-induced DNA double-strand breaks associated with beta1 integrin-mediated adhesion correlates with drug resistance in U937 cells. Blood, 98:1897–1903.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  66. Hoyt, D. G., Rusnak, J. M., Mannix, R. J., Modzelewski, R. A., Johnson, C. S., and Lazo, J. S., 1996, Integrin activation suppresses etoposide-induced DNA strand breakage in cultured murine tumor-derived endothelial cells. Cancer Res, 56:4146–4149.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  67. Jones, C. B., McIntosh, J., Huang, H., Graytock, A., and Hoyt, D. G., 2001, Regulation of bleomycin-induced DNA breakage and chromatin structure in lung endothelial cells by integrins and poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase. Mol Pharmacol, 59:69–75.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  68. Oshita, F., Kameda, Y., Ikehara, M., Tanaka, G., Yamada, K., Nomura, I., Noda, K., Shotsu, A., Fujita, A., Arai, H., Ito, H., Nakayama, H., and Mitsuda, A., 2002, Increased expression of integrin beta1 is a poor prognostic factor in small-cell lung cancer. Anticancer Res, 22:1065–1070.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  69. Kerr, J. S., Slee, A. M., and Mousa, S. A., 2002, The alpha v integrin antagonists as novel anticancer agents: an update. Expert Opin Investig Drugs, 11:1765–1774.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  70. Burke, P. A., DeNardo, S. J., Miers, L. A., Lamborn, K. R., Matzku, S., and DeNardo, G. L., 2002, Cilengitide targeting of alpha(v)beta(3) integrin receptor synergizes with radioimmunotherapy to increase efficacy and apoptosis in breast cancer xenografts. Cancer Res, 62:4263–4272.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  71. Eskens, F. A., Dumez, H., Hoekstra, R., Perschl, A., Brindley, C., Bottcher, S., Wynendaele, W., Drevs, J., Verweij, J., and van Oosterom, A. T., 2003, Phase I and pharmacokinetic study of continuous twice weekly intravenous administration of Cilengitide (EMD 121974), a novel inhibitor of the integrins alphavbeta3 and alphavbeta5 in patients with advanced solid tumours. Eur J Cancer, 39:917–926.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  72. Levitzki, A. and Gazit, A., 1995, Tyrosine kinase inhibition: an approach to drug development. Science, 267:1782–1788.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  73. Razzini, G., Berrie, C. P., Vignati, S., Broggini, M., Mascetta, G., Brancaccio, A., and Falasca, M., 2000, Novel functional PI 3-kinase antagonists inhibit cell growth and tumorigenicity in human cancer cell lines. FASEB J, 14:1179–1187.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  74. Hu, Y., Qiao, L., Wang, S., Rong, S. B., Meuillet, E. J., Berggren, M., Gallegos, A., Powis, G., and Kozikowski, A. P., 2000, 3-(Hydroxymethyl)-bearing phosphatidylinositol ether lipid analogues and carbonate surrogates block PI3-K, Akt, and cancer cell growth. J Med Chem, 43:3045–3051.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  75. Hu, L., Zaloudek, C., Mills, G. B., Gray, J., and Jaffe, R. B., 2000, In vivo and in vitro ovarian carcinoma growth inhibition by a phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase inhibitor (LY294002). Clin Cancer Res, 6:880–886.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Respiratory Medicine, Royal Infirmary of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK

    R.C. Rintoul & T. Sethi

Authors
  1. R.C. Rintoul
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  2. T. Sethi
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

  1. Washington State University, Pullman, WA, USA

    Gary G. Meadows

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 2005 Springer

About this chapter

Cite this chapter

Rintoul, R., Sethi, T. (2005). Integrin-Mediated Resistance to Chemotherapy-Induced Apoptosis in Cancer Cells. In: Meadows, G.G. (eds) Integration/Interaction of Oncologic Growth. Cancer Growth and Progression, vol 15. Springer, Dordrecht. https://doi.org/10.1007/1-4020-3414-8_18

Download citation

Publish with us

Policies and ethics

Search

Navigation