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Regulation of Chloroplast Translation

  • Chapter
The Molecular Biology of Chloroplasts and Mitochondria in Chlamydomonas

Part of the book series: Advances in Photosynthesis and Respiration ((AIPH,volume 7))

Summary

During the evolution of chloroplasts from cyanobacterial endosymbionts, many genes encoding components necessary for protein synthesis and photosynthesis have been transferred to the nucleus. Assembly of the machinery for both processes now relies on the concerted expression of genes in the nuclear and plastid genomes. Evidence accumulating in C. reinhardtii indicates that the expression and regulation of chloroplast genes probably differs in certain respects from the prokaryotic (E. coli) paradigm. Both mutational analysis of putative Shine-Dalgarno (SD) sequences, and creation of canonical SD sequences (-9 to -5) reveals that initiation is not mediated by SD-16S rRNA interactions for the majority of chloroplast-encoded mRNAs. Recent evidence in cyanobacteria, the most likely ancestors of the Chlamydomonas chloroplast, indicates that most genes lack SD sequences at the classical position. Interactions between cis-acting sequences in the 5′ untranslated regions (UTRs) and specific trans-acting nuclear gene products appear to mediate translation of chloroplast-encoded mRNAs for specific genes. Both UV crosslinking and gel mobility shift assays with several chloroplast leaders show that multiple proteins interact with these sequences. Some of these appear to be involved in gene-specific regulation, whereas others may be core proteins of a general ribonucleoprotein (RNP) complex. Inverted repeat sequences present in most chloroplast leaders predict higher order structures within the 5′ UTR of mRNAs that could serve as scaffolding for the formation of the RNP complex. One model predicts that the RNP complex directly enhances ribosome binding and translation initiation. A second model predicts that the RNP complex plays a role in making topological distinctions in the sites of synthesis of chloroplast mRNAs. A challenge in the coming years will be to determine which, if any, of these models are correct.

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Abbreviations

5′UTR:

5′ untranslated region

AAD:

aminoglycoside adenine transferase

ASD-anti:

Shine-Dalgarno sequence

DBMIB:

2,5-dibromo-3-methyl-6-isopropyl-p-benzoquinone

DCMU:

3-(3,4 dichlorophenyl)-1,1-dimethyl urea

DTNB:

dithionitrobenzoicacid

PAR:

photosynthetically active radiation

PQ:

plastoquinone; p-protein — photosynthetic protein

RNP:

ribonucleoprotein complex

r-protein:

ribosomal protein

Rubisco:

ribulose-1,5 bisphosphate carboxylase/oxygenase

SD:

Shine-Dalgarno sequence (GGAGG)

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. DCMB Group, Departments of Botany and Zoology, Duke University, Box 91000, Durham, NC, 27708-1000, USA

    Charles R. Hauser, Nicholas W. Gillham & John E. Boynton

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  1. Charles R. Hauser
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  2. Nicholas W. Gillham
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  3. John E. Boynton
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Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

  1. Departments of Molecular Biology and Plant Biology, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland

    J. -D. Rochaix  & M. Goldschmidt-Clermont  & 

  2. Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Institute, University of California-Los Angeles, Los Angeles, USA

    S. Merchant

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© 1998 Kluwer Academic Publishers

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Hauser, C.R., Gillham, N.W., Boynton, J.E. (1998). Regulation of Chloroplast Translation. In: Rochaix, J.D., Goldschmidt-Clermont, M., Merchant, S. (eds) The Molecular Biology of Chloroplasts and Mitochondria in Chlamydomonas. Advances in Photosynthesis and Respiration, vol 7. Springer, Dordrecht. https://doi.org/10.1007/0-306-48204-5_12

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/0-306-48204-5_12

  • Publisher Name: Springer, Dordrecht

  • Print ISBN: 978-0-7923-5174-0

  • Online ISBN: 978-0-306-48204-5

  • eBook Packages: Springer Book Archive

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