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Carbon Metabolism and Photorespiration: Temperature Dependence in Relation to Other Environmental Factors

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Photosynthesis and the Environment

Part of the book series: Advances in Photosynthesis and Respiration ((AIPH,volume 5))

Summary

Photosynthetic carbon metabolism is affected by a range of environmental factors. In this chapter we focus on the effect of temperature on photosynthesis in relation to other environmental factors. Plants grow over a wide range of temperatures and, apart from encountering large seasonal variations in temperature (including freezing), the aerial parts of a plant may face temperature variations of tens of degrees centigrade in a single day and smaller temperature changes in a matter of minutes. These are often coupled with changes in photon flux density and require a variety of regulatory responses. In addition, the mechanisms of photosynthesis associated with different photosynthetic types, C3, C4 and CAM, enable plants to perform better at specific temperatures, although they do not enable plants to tolerate temperature extremes which cause irreversible damage.

It is known that different processes relating to photosynthesis, such as photochemistry, carboxylation or oxygenation by ribulose 1,5-bisphosphate carboxylase-oxygenase (and hence photorespiration), carbohydrate synthesis and export, dark respiration and growth have intrinsically different temperature sensitivities in vivo. Similarly, in a metabolic sequence, it is unlikely that the temperature dependence of Vmax, the kinetic constants and the substrate concentrations of a series of enzymes will all change in the same manner. Hence it is inevitable that control will shift between different enzymes and component processes as the temperature changes. The lack of ability to accommodate these shifts in control will result in a limitation by one process and predispose the system to stress. A further important point to make concerning responses to low temperature is that induction of freezing tolerance and responses to low temperature are part of a continuum. Thus accumulation of sugars at low temperature as a result of decreased export can also be viewed as a mechanism which leads to cryoprotectant soluble sugars. Changes in partitioning can therefore be considered adaptive. The purpose of this chapter is to identify what limitations or shifts in regulation arise after exposure to different temperatures, with an emphasis on photosynthetic metabolism, and then to examine mechanisms by which these are overcome, either by short-term regulation or by longer term acclimation to changed temperatures and the circumstances in which these mechanisms fail.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Robert Hill Institute and Department of Animal and Plant Sciences, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, S10 2UQ, UK

    Richard C. Leegood

  2. Botany Department, Washington State University, Pullman, WA, 99164-4238, USA

    Gerald E. Edwards

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  1. Richard C. Leegood
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  1. Department of Biological and Chemical Sciences, University of Essex, Colchester, UK

    Neil R. Baker

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Leegood, R.C., Edwards, G.E. (1996). Carbon Metabolism and Photorespiration: Temperature Dependence in Relation to Other Environmental Factors. In: Baker, N.R. (eds) Photosynthesis and the Environment. Advances in Photosynthesis and Respiration, vol 5. Springer, Dordrecht. https://doi.org/10.1007/0-306-48135-9_7

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