Regular ArticleChronically Injured Supraspinal Neurons Exhibit Only Modest Axonal Dieback in Response to a Cervical Hemisection Lesion
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Axonal degeneration and demyelination following traumatic spinal cord injury: A systematic review and meta-analysis
2019, Journal of Chemical NeuroanatomyNeurologic foundations of spinal cord fusion (GEMINI)
2016, Surgery (United States)Citation Excerpt :Thus, the fusogens must be brought into the site of anastomosis within minutes (certainly <10 minutes) of “dovetailing.” As for the axons that do not get re-fused, dieback is on average 0.5–2.5 mm in rat models and is short-lived (1 month).54,55 Considering about a 1 mm/day regrowth rate, even these axons would reach the point of section within 3 days (with the minority, within 3 weeks).
Astrocyte transplantation for spinal cord injury: Current status and perspective
2014, Brain Research BulletinCitation Excerpt :Larger animal models (e.g., nonhuman primate) should be considered to refine the invasive treatments for transplantation, because their size and neuroanatomical structure approximate those of the human specimen (Crowe et al., 1997; Dietrich, 2003; Levi et al., 2002). In addition, few investigations have targeted chronic SCI because of the prolonged time periods needed for the experiments, the increased risk of animal death, and the solid glial scars that prevent axonal regeneration (Dietrich, 2003; Houle and Jin, 2001; Houle and Ye, 1997; Nakamura et al., 2012; Okano et al., 2003). Hence, there is an urgent need for experiments designed to overcome these difficulties, which would be of great value to the numerous patients suffering chronic SCI.
The challenges of long-distance axon regeneration in the injured CNS
2012, Progress in Brain ResearchCitation Excerpt :This coupled to abortive regrowth, results in a characteristic morphology of retracted axons including reactive end bulbs, dystrophic endings, and axons which turn away from the lesion (Andrews and Stelzner, 2004; McPhail et al., 2004). It has also been suggested that both the level of the injury as well as the type of axon influence the amount of axon retraction as rubrospinal, vestibulospinal, and reticulospinal axons have little dieback after a cervical hemisection lesion (Houle and Jin, 2001), whereas CST fibers have been observed to retract up to 2.5 mm after a thoracic injury (Pallini et al., 1988). In contrast to the general inability of CNS axons to regenerate, damaged peripheral nerve axons have been shown to regenerate successfully.