Regular ArticleCURCUMIN INHIBITION OF INFLAMMATORY CYTOKINE PRODUCTION BY HUMAN PERIPHERAL BLOOD MONOCYTES AND ALVEOLAR MACROPHAGES
Abstract
Curcumin, a dietary pigment responsible for the yellow colour of curry, has been used for the treatment of inflammatory diseases and exhibits a variety of pharmacological effects such as anti-inflammatory activity. The mechanism in anti-inflammatory activity of curcumin has been investigated; however, little is known about the effect of curcumin on cytokine production by human peripheral blood monocytes and alveolar macrophages. In the present study, we shed light on the effect of curcumin on inflammatory cytokine production by human peripheral blood monocytes and alveolar macrophages. To this end, we determined the concentrations of interleukin-8 (IL-8), monocyte inflammatory protein-1 (MIP-1α), monocyte chemotactic protein-1 (MCP-1), interleukin-1β (IL-1β), and tumour necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) in the culture supernatants from phorbor ester, 4β phorbor 12β-myristate-13α acetate (PMA)- or lipo-polysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated monocytes and alveolar macrophages in the presence or absence of curcumin. Curcumin inhibited the production of IL-8, MIP-1α, MCP-1, IL-1β, and TNF-α by PMA- or LPS-stimulated monocytes and alveolar macrophages in a concentration- and a time-dependent manner. These results show that curcumin exhibits an inhibitory effect on the production of IL-8, MIP-1α, MCP-1, IL-1β, and TNF-α by PMA- or LPS-stimulated monocytes and alveolar macrophages.
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Being anti-inflammatory and an antioxidant in nature, curcumin has been studied for its anti-asthmatic effects, but its impact on silicosis has not been investigated before. It is a form of occupational lung illness caused by inhaling crystalline silica. It is particularly common among those who work in construction-related sectors. Therefore, present study has been undertaken to investigate impact of intranasal curcumin on silica induced lung damage in mice model of silicosis.
Mice model of silicosis was developed by intranasal silica instillation (2.5 mg/mice) for different durations mainly 7, 14 and 21 days, where the longest duration of silica exposure (21 days) mimics chronic occupational exposure of silica dust leading to silicosis. Curcumin (5 mg/kg,i.n) and /or dexamethasone, a known corticosteroid (10 mg/kg,i.p) was administered an hour prior to silica administration.
Present study revealed silica induced lung damage in the mice model of silicosis characterized by airway inflammation, collagen deposition and enhanced expression of fibrosis markers (MMP-9, α-SMA, Hydroxyproline), which were significantly reduced in curcumin treatment groups. Inhibitory effects of curcumin were compared with standard drug, dexamethasone, a corticosteroid and was found better in protecting structural alterations in the lung.
Damaged and abnormal mitochondria (enlarged and irregular shapes) were observed in silicosis group which were reduced in curcumin and dexamethasone treatment groups as revealed in transmission electron microscopic studies.
Present study shows protective effects of intranasal curcumin on silica-induced airway inflammation and structural changes thereby lung damage. Hence, it can be considered as an alternative and complementary medication for silicosis.