Pharmaceutics, Preformulation and Drug DeliveryEnhanced Immune Response Against Pertussis Toxoid by IgA-Loaded Chitosan–Dextran Sulfate Nanoparticles
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INTRODUCTION
The emerging trend in new vaccine development is to identify potentially protective antigens/antigenic determinants and develop recombinant or synthetic peptide-based or conjugate vaccines. This approach can offer a better immunogenicity/risk ratio and avoid the use of inactivated or attenuated whole-cell vaccines and associated regulatory hurdles. However, in many instances, purified and synthetic antigens are poorly immunogenic and thus require delivery systems that are capable of improving
Materials
Mouse IgA-kappa from murine melanoma, 3,3′,5,5′-tetramethylbenzidine-2 (TMB-2) liquid substrate system, tris-buffered saline powder, phosphate buffered saline (PBS), glutaraldehyde grade I (8% in water), Tween-20, bovine serum albumin (BSA), l-lysine, CS [low molecular weight (MW) ∼150,000; 75%–85% deacetylated], DS sodium salt (MW ∼5000), and carbonate–bicarbonate buffer capsules were purchased from Sigma–Aldrich Pty Ltd. (Sydney, New South Wales, Australia). Ham's F-12 nutrient mixture, fetal
RESULTS AND DISCUSSION
The incidence of B. pertussis infections such as whooping cough has been significantly reduced by the introduction of pertussis vaccines and immunization programs. Although whole-cell pertussis vaccines have been used for many decades and are still commonly used in the developing world, the more recent development and introduction of acellular pertussis vaccines has both increased the compliance with vaccination programs and reduced the severity of adverse reactions to the vaccine.25,26 PTX is
CONCLUSIONS
To summarize, the in vivo studies conducted in this investigation indicate that the CS–DS nanoparticulate delivery system can be useful in the delivery of vaccines through the SC route, as this system significantly enhances Th2-type immune responses against the antigen. In addition, IgA incorporation in combination with the antigen in the CS–DS nanoparticles may further enhance the induction of humoral immune response. The ability of the CS–DS nanoparticles to co-incorporate the protein antigen
Acknowledgements
Sameer Sharma is thankful to the Department of Education, Employment and Workplace Relations and School of Pharmacy, Curtin University, for providing a Ph.D. scholarship. Authors acknowledge Dr. Simon Fox and Ms. Erin Bolitho for assistance with the cell-culture work. This project was partially supported by a Curtin University Internal Research Grant.
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2021, International Journal of Biological MacromoleculesCitation Excerpt :The major benefit of such NPs is not only their improved stability at various PHs but also their expanded mechanical intensity relative to those of NPs containing sodium chitosan tripolyphosphate. The use of chitosan and dextran sulfate as formulation materials will, therefore, function synergistically in an optimum charge ratio to absorb, secure and release therapeutic molecules [307]. Valente et al., [308] developed a chitosan-dextran-bovine serum albumin (BSA) microencapsulated NPs to obtain a dual drug delivery method to be used in bone regeneration processes.
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CSIRO-Ecosystem Sciences, Black Mountain, Canberra 2601, Australia.