Research ArticlesPreparation of polymeric nanocapsules containing octyl methoxycinnamate by the emulsification–diffusion technique: Penetration across the stratum corneum
Section snippets
INTRODUCTION
For many years, topical sunscreens have been recommended as a useful way to provide protection to human skin against acute and chronic adverse effects of solar radiation.1., 2., 3., 4. As we know, sunscreens basically alter the optical properties of the skin. They produce a protective layer on the skin in which UV light is either absorbed by organic compounds that absorb UV in the appropriate wavelength range (UV filters); scattered and reflected by inorganic micropigments (titanium oxide); or
Materials
Octyl methoxycinnamate (OMC) was supplied by Multiquim S.A., Mexico City, Mexico. Analytical grade 2-butanone was obtained from Fluka, Buchs, Switzerland. Cellulose acetate phthalate (CAP) was purchased from Vita Drug S.A. (Mexico City, Mexico). The non-ionic stabilizing agent was poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVAL; Mowiol 4-88, Mw: 26000; Glomarza, Mexico City, Mexico). Scotch Book Tape 845 was purchased from 3M (St. Paul, MN). Filter membranes (pore diameter 0.22 µM) were obtained from Millipore
Characterization of Formulations
In this study, the emulsification–diffusion method24 was appropriate for the preparation of mononuclear NCs and a NE containing octyl methoxycinnamate. As shown in Table 1, the incorporation of sunscreen into all the polymeric particles prepared was 96% successful at ratios of 1.0:1.0 and 2.5:1.0. On the other hand, only partial encapsulation (∼61%) of the oil was achieved for the 4.0:1.0 ratio, due to the excess of oil. In terms of process efficiency, almost the entire polymer transformed into
CONCLUSIONS
We have demonstrated that the emulsification–diffusion technique is useful in the preparation of NCs containing octyl methoxycinnamate with a high encapsulation rate and high process efficiency. An OMC (µL)/CAP (mg) ratio of 2.5:1.0 was optimal for encapsulation (particle size of 458.3 ± 0.5 nm). Visualization of the capsular structure of NCs was successfully examined by SEM using osmium tetroxide as staining agent, avoiding in this way the use of freeze-fracture.
Incorporation of OMC in NE
Acknowledgements
The authors acknowledge the financial support for this work from CONACYT (Ref. J27741-M) and PAPIIT (Ref. IN214000). We are thankful to Mr. Rodolfo Robles for his technical assistance with the SEM.
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